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Thermopiles Report

Thermopiles are devices that convert thermal energy into electrical energy. They are composed of multiple thermocouples connected in series and generate an output voltage proportional to a local temperature difference. Thomas Johan Seebeck discovered the thermoelectric effect in 1821 that thermopiles are based on. Thermopiles can be used in applications like non-contact temperature sensors, thermal scanners, fire sensors, and more.

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Derrick Evangelista
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201 views33 pages

Thermopiles Report

Thermopiles are devices that convert thermal energy into electrical energy. They are composed of multiple thermocouples connected in series and generate an output voltage proportional to a local temperature difference. Thomas Johan Seebeck discovered the thermoelectric effect in 1821 that thermopiles are based on. Thermopiles can be used in applications like non-contact temperature sensors, thermal scanners, fire sensors, and more.

Uploaded by

Derrick Evangelista
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THERMOPILES

Delos Santos, Colen Justin


Ecal, Ian Carlo
Evangelista, John Derrick
History of Thermopile

- Thomas Johan Seebeck ( April 9, 1770 December 10,


1831)

- a physicist who in 1821 discovered the thermoelectric


effect.

- born in Reval (today Tallinn, Estonia)

Evangelista, John Derrick Ramos


Illustration of Seebeck Effect

Evangelista, John Derrick Ramos


Evangelista, John Derrick Ramos
What is thermopile?

Evangelista, John Derrick Ramos


Thermopile

- is an electronic device that converts thermal energy


into electrical energy.

- composed of several thermocouples connected


usually in series.

Evangelista, John Derrick Ramos


- does not respond to absolute temperature, but
generate an output voltage proportional to a local
temperature difference or temperature gradient.
- the output of a thermopile is usually in the range of
tens or hundreds of millivolts.
- composed of two dissimilar metallic conductors

Evangelista, John Derrick R.


Thermopile module Thermopiles

Evangelista, John Derrick Ramos


Seebeck effect
- When heat is applied to one of the
two conductors or semiconductors,
heated electrons flow toward the
cooler one.

- The voltages produced by Seebeck


effect are small, usually only a few
microvolts (millionths of a volt) per
kelvin of temperature difference at
the junction.

Evangelista, John Derrick R.


Working principle of Thermopiles
- when different metals are joined at the ends and there is a
temperature difference between the joints, a magnetic field is
observed.

Evangelista, John Derrick R.


Evangelista, John Derrick R.
Materials that can be used

Copper Iron Platinum

Rhodium Iridium
Evangelista, John Derrick Ramos
Chromel: combination of 10%
Constantan: combination chromium, 90% nickel
of 60% copper and 40%
nickel

Alumel: combination of 2% aluminum,


90% nickel and remainder silicon and
manganese

Evangelista, John Derrick Ramos


Thermocouples & Thermopiles
- a thermocouple consists of two
junctions between two dissimilar
conductors.

- A thermoelectric voltage is
generated whenever there is a
temperature difference between the
sensing junction and the reference
junction

- Thermopiles consist of multiple


sensing/reference junctions in
series, producing a greater output
Ecal, Ian Carlo voltage than a single thermocouple.
Vertical configuration
The advantage of the vertical
thermocouple lead arrangement
(perpendicular to plane configuration)
is that the hot and cold junctions are
separated by the thickness of the
substratethe heat gradient is through
the substrate. The object measured
can be close to the sensor or actually
come in contact with the sensor.
Vertical or out-of-the-plane
configuration requires that the leads of
the thermocouples are created
through the substrate material, i.e.
via interconnections are required.

Ecal, Ian Carlo


The sensors is mounted using conventional SMT
techniques
The three figures above illustrates the vertical heat
flow model of JonDeTechs thermopiles. The figure
shows the foil from a cross section view. Radiant
heat is heating the top absorber layer and produces
a temperature gradient over the sensor.

Ecal, Ian Carlo


36 - Junction Thermopile
Bismuth - Antimony junctions
9 mm X 12 mm
60 m line width
Sensing junctions on
polyimide or PET drumhead,
reference junctions positioned
over aluminum substrate.
Chemical coating applied over
sensing junctions.

Ecal, Ian Carlo


Sensor Fabrication
These devices are
microfabricated in
arrays of three.
They are attached
to circuit boards
using conductive
epoxy.
Wires are attached
to the contact
pads.
Sensor Fabrication
Aluminum substrates -- 1 x
1.5
Substrates were treated with
oxygen plasma to clean and
roughen the surface.
After cleaning, photoresist
was applied to the substrates
in a spin coater.

Ecal, Ian Carlo


Sensor Fabrication
Polyimide or PET films are
attached to the substrates.
Film creates a drumhead
over the holes to support the
sensing junctions.

Ecal, Ian Carlo


Sensor Fabrication
Substrates were treated with
oxygen plasma to clean and
roughen the surface.
After cleaning, photoresist was
applied to the substrates in a
spin coater.

Ecal, Ian Carlo


Sensor Fabrication
Photoresist layer was used to
pattern subsequent metal
coating.

Ecal, Ian Carlo


Sensor Fabrication
Bismuth was deposited on
samples by thermal
evaporation.

Ecal, Ian Carlo


Thermopile Features
The thermopile has some unique properties not
offered by other detectors:
Response to broad infrared spectrum
No source of bias voltage or current needed
Inherently stable response to DC radiation

Delos Santos, Colen Justin O.


Application and Uses
Non Contact Temperature Sensing

Infrared temperature sensor IR Gun

- Measures the heat radiated object

IR Temperature
Sensor
Delos Santos, Colen Justin O.
Application and Uses
Non Contact Temperature Sensing
INFRARED SENSOR

-Hits the center of the thermopile and heated

Delos Santos, Colen Justin O.


Application and Uses
Thermal scanner Fire sensor

Delos Santos, Colen Justin O.


Application and Uses
HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
Pilot Hood
FIRE PLACE/CHIMNEY

Thermopile
Thermocouple
Delos Santos, Colen Justin O. Igniter Electrode
Application and Uses
HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
FIRE PLACE
an electric current is generated in the
range of 450mv to 750mv.

Delos Santos, Colen Justin O.


Application and Uses
Air-conditioning
Located at Evaporator and Condenser

Thermopile 1

Delos Santos, Colen Justin O.


Application and Uses
Evaporator Coil

Thermopile
Delos Santos, Colen Justin O.
Application and Uses
Gas Sensing and Monitoring

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