LTE Network Overview

Course Objects

After the course, you will:

Know Mobile Network Evolution
Know LTE Protocol Standard
Master the LTE Architecture
Understand LTE Key Technology
Master each elements Function
Understand LTE Communication Procedure
Know ZTE LTE Solution
Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
LTE Communication Procedure
ZTE LTE Solution
Drivers of Mobile Network Evolution

Wireless Internet - A New Paradigm for Mobile Communication

Evolution Trend of Mobile Technology

X
?
Multi-Standards Coexist : OFDM, OFDMA and MIMO, basic technologies in different standards, are
employed in multi wireless access technology.
Multi-frequency Coexistence: More frequency bands are available and standardized.
Mobile Broadband: Increase spectrum utilization; reduce the cost of wireless data services; ready for
multimedia-based services.
Evolution of Speed
What is LTE?
Why LTE

LTE: Long Term Evolution

Why LTE?

To get more competition power.

To cope with the pressure from Wimax.

To be prepared for 4G.

Why LTE-- LTE Enriches the Mobile
Services
Mobile Broadband Changes the Future Life

Video Sharing
Mobile Email
Video Blog
Netmeeting
Video Chat
HD Video
Conference Information

Video on Mobile
Demand Shopping
Online Game Mobile Bank
HD video Mobile Stock
streanming

LTE improves user experience by high capacity,

quick response, high data-rate and better QoS.
Why LTE--LTE Improves Broadband
Applications

Live Video/ Video Blogging

Online Gaming <50 ms Latency DL 6-8Mbps/UL 2Mbps

Permanent Sync. HD Video Streaming (720i or 1080i)

DL/UL 1-2Mbps DL 6-10Mbps
Why LTE-- LTE Benefits for Operators and Users
User Experience ARPU Investment Protection

Throughput Latency Reuse of

Sites and
infrastructure
Backhauling
Frequency bands
HSPA LTE HSPA LTE

Low Cost per Mbps Scalable bandwidth

Optimized spectrum usage

cost per Mbps

3G HSPA HSPA+ LTE

Technologies Comparison
HSPA+ LTE
802.16e (WiMAX)
FEATURE

TDD OFDMA FDD WCDMA FDD OFDMA

MIMO 64QAM MIMO 64QAM DL TDD SC-FDMA

BW: 1.25 ~ 20MHz

16QAM UL MIMO 64QAM

BW: 5MHz 1.4 | 3 | 5 | 10 |15| 20MHz

DATA RATE

42Mbps DL 150Mbps DL
63.36Mbps DL
2*2 5MHz 2*2 20MHz
2*2 10MHz

28.22Mbps UL 11.5Mbps UL 75Mbps UL

5MHz 2*2 20MHz
2*2 10MHz
STANDARD

2005.12 2008. Q3 2009. Q3

3G spectrum
New spectrum 3G spectrum
New spectrum
Organizations Leading in LTE Ecosystem

NGMN

R
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3GPP LSTI
Standard
Evolution on LTE
Evolution on LTE
LTE Frequency and Bandwidth
E-UTRAN Band UL: eNode B receive, UE transmit DL: eNode B transmit, UE receive Duplex
Mode
FUL_low FUL_high FDL_low FDL_high

1 1920 MHz 1980 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz FDD

2 1850 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 1990 MHz FDD
3 1710 MHz 1785 MHz 1805 MHz 1880 MHz FDD
4 1710 MHz 1755 MHz 2110 MHz 2155 MHz FDD
5 824 MHz 849 MHz 869 MHz 894MHz FDD
6 830 MHz 840 MHz 875 MHz 885 MHz FDD
7 2500 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz 2690 MHz FDD
8 880 MHz 915 MHz 925 MHz 960 MHz FDD
9 1749.9 MHz 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 MHz 1879.9 MHz FDD
10 1710 MHz 1770 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz FDD
11 1427.9 MHz 1452.9 MHz 1475.9 MHz 1500.9 MHz FDD
12 [TBD] [TBD] [TBD] [TBD] FDD
13 777 MHz 787 MHz 746 MHz 756 MHz FDD
14 788 MHz 798 MHz 758 MHz 768 MHz FDD
...
33 1900 MHz 1920 MHz 1900 MHz 1920 MHz TDD
34 2010 MHz 2025 MHz 2010 MHz 2025 MHz TDD
35 1850 MHz 1910 MHz 1850 MHz 1910 MHz TDD
36 1930 MHz 1990 MHz 1930 MHz 1990 MHz TDD
37 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz TDD
38 2570 MHz 2620 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz TDD
Key Requirements
Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
LTE Communication Procedure
ZTE LTE Solution
LTE/SAE System Architecture Evolution
PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function
HSS: Home Subscriber Server

GERAN MME: Mobile Management Entity

SGSN HSS
UTRAN

S3 S6a

S1-MME

MME PCRF
S4 S7 Rx+
S11

S10
LTE-Uu
S5 SGi
Serving PDN Operator's IP Services
UE E-UTRAN
S1-U
Gateway Gateway (e.g. IMS
etc.)
E-UTRAN Structure
MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

Mobility Management
EPC Serving Gateway

S1 Interface between
EPS MME/SGW & eNodeB
eNodeB
RNC
E- Node B eNodeB
X2 X2
UTRAN

eNodeB
X2

eNodeB
+ =

Interface between
eNodeBs

Only one Node in E-UTRAN eNodeB Flexible band width

Evolved Packet Core EPC Higher spectrum efficiency
Evolved Packet System EPS High peak rate, Lower latency
EUTRAN/EPC Function Module
eNodeB Function

eNodeB
MME Function

MME
SGW Function

SGW
PDN GW Function

PDN GW
Compare the Architecture of LTE with 3G
IMS
MGW

MGCF PSTN

Ip network P/I/S-CSCF

PS CS
EPC PCRF

PDN-GW GGSN GMSC

CN

MME S-GW HSS SGSN MSC/VLR

Iu
S1

RNC RNC

eNode B eNode B RAN

X2 Node B Node B

E-UTRAN UTRAN
Flat and IP-based Network Architecture for LTE

WCDMA/HSPA LTE Flat Structure Without RNC

Less investment
MSCS GGSN
MME x-GW
HLR HSS PCRF Easy maintenance

EPC Reduce transmission

MGW SGSN
delay
RNC RNC

Better reliability
IP Backbone IP Backbone

Node B Node B eNode B eNode B

MME/x-GW
Integrates CN & partial
RNC functions

eNode B
Flat network structure and IP-based network can reduce Full function of Node B
the TCO of LTE network. and major function of
RNC
Protocol Architecture--Protocol Stack

signal flow
data flow
Protocol ArchitectureControl Plane
Protocol ArchitectureUser Plane
Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
LTE Communication Procedure
ZTE LTE Solution
LTE Frame StructureType 1: FDD

Channel bandwidth [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

Resource block number (FDD mode) 6 15 25 50 75 100

LTE Frame StructureType 2: TDD

Ts=1/(15000*2048)s
LTE Frame StructureType 2: TDD

Normal cyclic prefix Extended cyclic prefix

Configuration
DwPTS GP UpPTS DwPTS GP UpPTS

0 3 10 3 8
1 9 4 8 3 1 OFDM
1 OFDM
2 10 3 9 2 symbols
symbols
3 11 2 10 1
4 12 1 3 7
5 3 9 8 2 2 OFDM
symbols
6 9 3 2 OFDM 9 1
7 10 2 symbols - - -
8 11 1 - - -
LTE Frame StructureType 2: TDD
Uplink-downlink Downlink-to-Uplink Subframe number
configuration Switch-point
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
periodicity

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D
LTE Physical Resource Allocation: RE/RB
LTE Physical Resource Allocation: RE/RB
LTE Radio Transmission Schemes

OFDMA: SC-FDMA:
Widely known and used in WiMAX, Not known from other standards yet
WLAN, DVB Benefits:
Benefits: Technically similar to OFDMA
Robustness against multi-path Low peak-to-average ratio (PAR)
fading enables improved power amplifier
Optimum use of available efficiency and battery life
spectrum
Efficient receiver architecture
OFDM Technology
DFT-spread OFDM
 OFDMA: Downlink Multiple Access
System Bandwidth

Sub-carriers

Sub-frame

Frequency

Time frequency
resource for User 1
Time frequency
resource for User 2
Time
Time frequency
resource for User 3
Up to 64 QAM can be used
Resistance to multi-path interference by Cyclic Prefix
Friendly to MIMO
 SC-FDMA: Uplink Multiple Access

System Bandwidth

Single Carrier
Sub-frame

Frequency

Time frequency
resource for User 1
Time frequency
resource for User 2
Time
Time frequency
resource for User 3

Up to 64 QAM can be used

Single carrier modulation achieves lower Peak to Average
0
Ratio (PAPR)
FDMA is efficiently achieved through FFT operation
OFDMA/SC-FDMA
SC-FDMA

Xn N-point Subcarrier M-point Add CP /

DAC/RF
DFT Mapping IDFT PS

Xk Channel
Xl Xm
Subcarrier
N-point De- M-point Remove
Detect RF/ADC
IDFT mapping/ DFT CP
Equalization

OFDMA

Xn Subcarrier M-point Add CP /

DAC/RF
Mapping IDFT PS

Channel
Xk Xl Xm
Subcarrier
De- M-point Remove
Detect RF/ADC
mapping/ DFT CP
Equalization
MIMO Technology
Scenarios of Different MIMO Modes in LTE

1 Mode 1 Single Antenna Port Correspond to Single Antenna Port

2 Mode 2 Transmit Diversity Provide Diversity Against Fading

3 Mode 3 Open Loop Spatial multiplexing High Mobility Environment

4 Mode 4 Closed-Loop Spatial multiplexing Improve Peak data rates

5 Mode 5 MU-MIMO Improve system Capacity

Mode 6 Codebook Beam Forming

6
Improve cell Coverage and
Suppress Interference
7 Mode 7 Non Codebook Beam Forming
SON Functions, Features and Targets
SON Use Cases Based on Function
SON Use Cases Based on Project
SON Architectures
Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
LTE Communication Procedure
ZTE LTE Solution
Cell Search
UE eNodeB

Primary Synchronization Signal

3 possible sequences to identify the

cells physical layer cell identity(0,1,2)

Secondary Synchronization Signal

168 different sequences to identify

physical layer cell identity group

Reference Signal
Channel estimation, BCH antenna configuration

PBCH

System bandwidth, PHICH configuration, SFN

Random Access
Sent on PRACH Sent on DL-SCH
resources associated UE eNodeB with RA-RNTI;
with RA-RNTI assignment of
Random Access Preamble Temporary C-RNTI,
1 Timing Advance,
Sent on PRACH with RA-RNTI
initial uplink grant
Sent on UL-SCH; Random Access Response
includes NAS UE ID 2
and RRC connection RAP sent on PDSCH, addressed by
PDCCH using RA-RNTI Sent on DL-SCH;
request
Early Contention
Scheduled Transmission Resolution
3 (mirroring of uplink
Data sent on PUSCH
message)

Contention resolution
4
CR sent on PDSCH, addressed
by PDCCH using TC/C-RNTI
UE Attach Process
Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
LTE Communication Procedure
ZTE LTE Solution
Product Solution
Transport Solution
Antenna Solution
Terminal Solution
Full Series LTE Product Line
WITH VOICE
LTE TERMINAL SOLUTION

SINGLE RAN &

LTE ACCESS PLUS

MICROWAVE
LTE TRANSPORT

uMAC
LTE CORE
xG W
ZTE Unified Radio Sub-System Platform
One Network Target

GSM/EDGE UMTS/HSPA TD-SCDMA CDMA2000 WiMAX LTE

GSM/EDGE

ZTE Universal SDR Platform UMTS/HSPA

LTE

Distributed IntegratedUniversal
RRU
RRU
RSU Features

MicroTCA architecture
Multi-Standard support
Baseband sharing and
BBU
software configurable
RRU sharing and
BBU software configurable

Future-Proof
Future-Proof Platform
Platform with
with Smooth
Smooth Evolution
Evolution Support
Support
GSM/LTE Dual-mode System to Co-existence
with UMTS
ZTE SDR Platform
09 Q3 launch
GSM LTE
LTE hardware ready
Cost effective solution

GSM/LTE Dual-mode Platform

+10 years GSM system G/L dual-mode LTE system

1. Replace by GSM/LTE 2. Software upgrade

dual-mode system
UMTS/LTE Dual-mode System to Prove
Future Evolution
UMTS/LTE System UMTS/LTE System
Existed GSM system
GSM System

2. GSM replace by
U/L system
1. Build a new UMTS/LTE
dual-mode system

3. Software upgrade

LTE system

UMTS LTE

UMTS/LTE dual-mode Platform

ZTE SDR Based Uni-RAN Solution

GSM & WCDMA CN LTE

IP based
& SAE BSC/RNC backhaul
[email protected]

LTE & UMTS

S1 Iub/Abis

LTE, GSM, UMTS

Baseband Unit
RRU @2.1GHz

LTE & GSM

Distributed system
architecture RRU @900/1800MHz

Multimode operation
 ZTE Unified O&M Solution
NMS/OSS/ 3rd Party
BSS
NMS/OSS/BSS

EMS CORBA SNMP FILE ASCII DB

FM/PM/CM/IM FM FM/PM/CM/IM FM FM/PM/CM/IM

Fault Performance Configuration

NetNumen TM
M31 Management Management Management

Accounting SON Security

Management Functions Management

Inventory System Topology

Management Management Management

NE

BSS UTRAN EPS TD-SCDMA WiMAX

Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
Product Solution
Transport Solution
Antenna Solution
Terminal Solution
ZTE All-around LTE Solution

UE E-UTRAN EPC

HSS PCRF
Handset Rural

Transmission
IMS

Network
Dense Hot-
Urban
Express Urban spot
card Suburban Home Internet
eNodeB
MME/SGW PGW

USB
dongle

B8200+ B8300+
CPE BS8800 BS8900 Femto ENB
R8860 Micro/Pico RRU
LTE Backhaul Transmission Bandwidth
Requirement
HKCSL LTE Trial Network Architecture
HKCSL LTE Trial QoS Requirement
HKCSL LTE Trial QoS Solution
HKCSL LTE Trial Security Solution
HKCSL LTE Trial DHCP server Deployment
Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
Product Solution
Transport Solution
Antenna Solution
Terminal Solution
Scheme
1:GSM900+GSM1800/UMTS2100+LTE2600
900M 1710-2170M 1920-2690M

2.6GHz LTE involved

1800/2100
combiner

900M 1800M 2100M 2600M

GSM GSM UMTS LTE
RRU RRU RRU RRU
Scheme
2:GSM900+GSM1800+UMTS2100/LTE1800
900M 1710-2170M 1920-2690M

1.8GHz LTE involved

Tips : intra-band
combination lead around 3
db loss
1800/2100
combiner

900M 1800M 2100M 1800M

GSM GSM UMTS LTE
RRU RRU RRU RRU
Scheme3:GSM900+GSM1800/UMTS2100
+ LTE1800 /LTE2600
900M 1710-2170M 1920-2690M

2.6GHz LTE and 1.8GHz co-

site

1800/2100 1800/2600
combiner combiner

900M 1800M 2100M 1800M 2600M

GSM GSM UMTS LTE LTE
RRU RRU RRU RRU RRU
Content

Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
Product Solution
Transport Solution
Antenna Solution
Terminal Solution
IOT with third part
ES FPGA IOT test
FFA(2.6GHz)
(700MHz) (ongoing)

Sept.09 Oct.09 Apr.10

09 Dec. IOT start

(2.6GHz) 10.Mar. IOT start
(1.8GHz)

N 09 Oct. PHY IOT

(2.6GHz) 09 Dec. L1/L2/L3 IOT
(2.6GHz)

S1/S11 IOT
C (2.6GHz)
Nov.09

09Q3 09Q4 10Q1 10Q2 10Q3