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Chapter 2 What Is A Cell

Cells are the basic unit of living things and can only be seen under a microscope. In 1665, Robert Hooke first observed cells using a microscope when studying cork. Cells generally contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, and for animal cells, a cell membrane. Plant cells also have a cell wall and often contain chloroplasts and a vacuole. Proper preparation and use of a microscope is required to observe cells.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
45 views41 pages

Chapter 2 What Is A Cell

Cells are the basic unit of living things and can only be seen under a microscope. In 1665, Robert Hooke first observed cells using a microscope when studying cork. Cells generally contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, and for animal cells, a cell membrane. Plant cells also have a cell wall and often contain chloroplasts and a vacuole. Proper preparation and use of a microscope is required to observe cells.

Uploaded by

arifzaidialwi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic 2 Cell As A Unit

Of Life

2.1 What Is A Cell?

ITeach Science Form 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

What Is A Cell?

Can only be seen under a microscope.

Cells The basic unit of living things.

In 1665, Robert Hooke became the first person to


study cell by using a microscope. He discovered
that cork consists of small units that he named as
cell.

Hookes drawing of cork cells

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Apakah Sel?

Hanya boleh dilihat melalui mikroskop

Sel Unit asas benda hidup

Pada 1665, Robert Hooke menjadi orang yang


pertama yang mengkaji sel dengan
menggunakan mikroskop. Dia mendapati gabus
terdiri daripada unit-unit kecil yang dinamakan
sel.

Lukisan sel gabus oleh Hooke

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

What Is A Cell?

Microscope

Eyepiece

Coarse focus knob


Body tube
Fine focus knob

Objective lens arm

Clip

Condenser

Mirror
Base

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Apakah Sel?

Mikroskop

Kanta mata

Pelaras kasar
Tiub badan
Pelaras halus

Kanta objektif Lengan

Klip

Kondenser

Cermin
Tapak

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

What Is A Cell?

The Correct Way To Use A Microscope

Turn the low power objective lens until it


is directly on top of the stage.
Look through and adjust the mirror to
allow enough light entering into the Coarse focus
microscope. knob
Move the
body tube up
Put the prepared slide on top of the stage
down
and hold it with the clip.

Turn the course focus knob clockwise


until it nearly touches the slide.

Look through the eyepiece. Turn the


course focus knob anticlockwise until the
specimen can be seen.
Turn the fine focus knob clockwise until
the specimen can be seen more clearly.
Use the high power objective lens to look
at the specimen.
ITeach Science Form 1
Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Apakah Sel?

Cara Yang Betul Menggunakan


Mikroskop

Letakkan kanta objektif berkuasa rendah


di atas pentas
Lihat melaluinya dan laraskan cermin
untuk membenarkan cahaya yang cukup Pelaras kasar
memasuki mikroskop Gerakkan
Gerakkan
tiub
tiubbadan
badan
Letakkan slaid yang disediakan di atas ke bawah
ke atas
pentas dan klipkan slaid itu.

Laraskan pelaras kasar mengikut arah


jam sehingga ia hampir menyentuh slaid

Lihat melalui kanta mata. Laraskan


pelaras kasar sehingga spesimen dapat
dilihat
Pusingkan pelaras halus mengikut arah
jam sehingga spesimen dapat dilihat
dengan lebih jelas. Gunakan kanta
objektif berkuasa tinggi untuk meneliti
spesimen
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1
Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

What Is A Cell?

Preparing A Slide Of Onion Cells

Cut and remove a square section of an


onion.

Pell off a thin epidermal layer of the


onion. Cover slip
The prepared slide
Place the epidermal layer on a slide.
Scale leaf
Add a drop of water and follow by
Filter paper
iodine solution. Iodine solution

Cover the onion cells with a cover slip.


An onion

Absorbs any excess iodine solution


with a filter paper.

Observe the specimen under a


microscope.

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Apakah Sel?

Menyediakan Slaid Sel Bwang

Potong dan keluarkan satu bahagian


segiempat sama pada bawang.

Kupaskan selapis nipis lapisan


epidermis bawang. Penutup
Slaid yang disediakan
Letakkan lapisan epidermis di atas Satu bahagian pada bawang
slaid. Tambah setitis air dan kemudian
Kertas turas
setitis larutan iodin pada sel bawang. Larutan iodin

Tutup sel bawang dengan


menggunakan penutup. Bawang

Serap larutan iodin berlebihan pada


sel bawang dengan menggunakan
kertas turas.

Perhatikan sel bawang di bawah


mikroskop.

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

What Is A Cell?

General Structure Of Animal Cell

Animal Cell

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Apakah Sel?

Struktur Umum Sel Haiwan

Sel Haiwan

Membran sel

Sitoplasma

Nukleus

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

What Is A Cell?

General Structure Of Plant Cell

Plant Cell

Cell wall
Cell membrane

Cytoplasm
Vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Apakah Sel?

Struktur Umum Sel Tumbuhan

Sel Tumbuhan

Dinding sel
Membran sel

Sitoplasma
Vakuol

Kloroplas

Nukleus

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

What Is A Cell?

Cell Structures

Vacuole : Stores water


and dissolved minerals Cell wall : Maintains the
shape of plant cells

Nucleus : Controls Cell membrane :


all cell activities Controls the movement
of substances in and
out of the cell

Chloroplast : Contains the Cytoplasm : Medium for


green pigment that absorbs chemical processes in
sunlight for photosynthesis plant cells

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Apakah Sel?

Struktur Sel

Vakuol : Menyimpan air dan


bahan mineral terlarut Dinding sel :
Mengekalkan bentuk
sel

Nukleus : Mengawal Membran sel :


aktiviti sel Mengawal pergerakan
bahan masuk dan
keluar dari sel

Kloroplas : Mengandungi
Sitoplasma : Medium
pigmen hijau yang menyerap
bagi tindak balas kimia
cahaya matahari untuk
sel
fotosintesis
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1
Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

What Is A Cell?
Comparison Between Animal Cell and
Plant Cell

Cells are the basic unit of both animal and plant cells
Similarities
Both have cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus

Plant cell Differences Animal cell

Leaf cells Example Human hand cells

Fixed Shape Not Fixed

Has cellulose cell wall Cell wall None

Has chloroplast that


Chloroplast None
contains chlorophyll

None except in lower


Large vacuole Vacuole
level animals

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Apakah Sel?
Perbandingan Antara Sel Haiwan Dan Sel
Tumbuhan

Sel adalah unit asas sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan


Persamaan
Kedua-duanya mempunyai sel membran, sitoplasma
dan nukleus

Sel tumbuhan Perbezaan Sel haiwan

Sel daun Contoh Sel kulit manusia

Tetap Bentuk Tidak tetap

Mempunyai dinding sel Dinding sel Tiada

Kloroplas
Kloroplas Tiada
mengandungi klorofil

Tiada kecuali haiwan


Vakuol yang besar Vakuol
kelas bawah

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit
Of Life

2.2 Unicellular And Multicellular Organisms

ITeach Science Form 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

Unicellular And Multicellular Organisms

Organisms
Unicellular Multicellular
Uni means one Multi means many

Consists of only one cell Consist of many cells


joined together.
Lives in wet places.
Most of the multicellular
Can only be seen through microorganisms live in
microscope water.

Amoeba Yeast
Hydra Spirogyra

Paramecium Chlamydomonas

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Organisma Unisel Dan Multisel

Organisma
Unisel Multisel
Uni bermaksud satu Multi bermaksud banyak

Terdiri daripada satu sel Terdiri daripada banyak sel


Tinggal dalam di tempat
yang lembap.
Kebanyakan organisma
Hanya boleh dilihat melalui
multisel tinggal dalam air
mikroskop

Ameba Yis
Hidra Spirogira

Paramesium Klamidomonas

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit
Of Life

2.3 Cell Organisation In The Human Body

ITeach Science Form 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

Cell Organisation In The Human Body

The Organisation In The Human Body

The human body is made up of different cells.

The same type of cells form a tissue. Each cell in a


tissue carries out the same function.

Different tissues form an organ.

Different organs form a system. A system carries out


specialized function.

Different systems work together to form a whole


organism.

Cell Tissue Organ System Organism

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Organisasi Sel Di Dalam Tubuh Badan Manusia

Organisasi Sel Manusia

Badan manusia terdiri daripada sel-sel yang


berlainan

Sel yang sama membentuk tisu. Setiap sel dalam


tisu melakukan fungsi yang sama

Tisu yang berlainan membentuk organ.

Organ yang berlainan membentuk sistem. Setiap


sistem melakukan fungsi yang khusus.

Sistem yang berlainan membentuk organisma.

Sel Tisu Organ Sistem Organisma

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

Cell Organisation In The Human Body

Cell Organisation in the Human Body

Smooth muscle cell

1 Cellular level
Smooth
Blood muscle cell
circulatory
2 Tissue level
system

Epithelial tissue

Smooth muscle
Blood
tissue
vessel
5 Organism level (organ)
Connective tissue

3 Organ level
4 System level
ITeach Science Form 1
Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Organisasi Sel Di Dalam Tubuh Badan Manusia

Organisasi Sel

Sel otot

1 Peringkat sel
Tisu otot
Blood
circulatory
2 Peringkat tisu
system

Tisu epitelium

Tisu otot
Salur
darah
5 Organisma (organ)
Tisu penghubung

3 Peringkat organ
4 Peringkat sistem
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1
Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

Cell Organisation In The Human Body

Types of Human Cells

Example
of Cells
Red blood cells Nerve cells
Receives stimuli and send
For transportation of oxygen information to all parts of the
and carbon dioxide body

Epithelial cells Ovum

Form layer of skin To produce offspring

Protect cells from injury

White blood cells Muscle cells


Play a vital role in body
Play a vital role in your movement through
immune system contraction and relaxation.

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Organisasi Sel Di Dalam Tubuh Badan Manusia

Jenis Jenis Sel

Contoh-
contoh Sel
Sel darah merah Sel saraf
Menerima rangsangan dan
Mengangkut gas oksigen menghantar maklumat ke
dan karbon dioksida bahagian badan yang lain

Sel epitelium Ovum

Menghasilkan lapisan kulit Untuk menghasillkan anak

Melindungi sel daripada


kecederaan

Sel darah putih Sel otot


Memainkan peranan penting
Memainkan peranan penting dalam pergerakan melalui
dalam sistem keimunan pengecutan dan
pengenduran.

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

Cell Organisation In The Human Body

Connective tissue Epithelial tissue


Provides support Covers and protects the
internal and external
Connect different types of
surfaces of organs and
tissue
cavities

Example
Of Tissues
Nerve tissue Muscle tissue
Attached to the bone
Transmits impulses and
responses
Cause movement through
contraction and relaxation

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Organisasi Sel Di Dalam Tubuh Badan Manusia

Tisu penghubung Tisu epitelium


Memberikan sokongan
Meliputi dan melindungi
Menghubungkan tisu-tisu permukaan dalam dan luar
yang berlainan organ

Contoh
Tisu
Tisu saraf Tisu otot
Melekat pada tulang
Menghantar impuls dan
gerak balas Membantu pergerakan
melalui pengecutan dan
pengenduran

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

Cell Organisation In The Human Body

Example of Organs

Kidney Stomach Liver Heart

Removes To process and To filter harmful To pump blood.


water and waste transport food. substances from
from the blood. the blood

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Organisasi Sel Di Dalam Tubuh Badan Manusia

Contoh-contoh
Organ

Buah pinggang Perut Hati Jantung

Mengeluarkan air Memproses dan Menuraskan Mengepam


dan bahan kumuh mengangkut bahan berbahaya darah.
lain dari darah. makanan. dari darah.

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

Cell Organisation In The Human Body


Various systems of the Human Body and Their Functions

Respiratory Excretory system Circulatory system


Respiratory system Controls water and Transport of
is about exchanging salt balance nutrients, metabolic
gases with the water, water salts
environment. and disease.

Lymphatic system Nervous system


To maintain fluid Responsible for
balance in the sending, receiving,
internal environment and processing
An important part of nerve impulses
the immune system. throughout the
body.

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Organisasi Sel Di Dalam Tubuh Badan Manusia


Sistem dalam Tubuh Manusia dan Fungsinya

Sistem Pernafasan Sistem Perkumuhan Sistem Peredaran Darah


Melakukan Mengawal
pertukaran gas keseimbangan Menghantar nutrien,
oksigen dan karbon kandungan air dan oksigen, dan air ke
dioksida dengan garam seluruh tubuh
persekitaran
Sistem Limfa Sistem Saraf
Mengekalkan
keseimbanagn
bendalir Menghantar,
Memainkan peranan menerima dan
penting dalam sistem memproses impuls
keimunan

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

Cell Organisation In The Human Body


Various system of the Human Body and their Functions

Muscular system Endocrine system Digestive system


To maintain posture Produce and secrete Breaks down food
hormones. Regulate into absorbable and
For locomotion and the body's growth, simpler units
facial expressions metabolism, and Undigested food is
sexual development eliminated as
and function. faeces

Skeletal system Urinary system


For support and protection Produces, stores, and
eliminates urine.
Provides framework for
Regulates water and
muscle
electrolyte

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Organisasi Sel Di Dalam Tubuh Badan Manusia


Pelbagai Sistem Dan Fungsinya

Sistem Otot Sistem Endokrin Sistem Pencernaan


Mengekalkan postur Menghasilkan dan Memecah makanan
badan merembeskan menjadi molekul
Memudahkan hormon. teringkas
pergerakan Pengawalaturan Makanan yang tidak
pertumbuhan badan dicerna disingkirkan
dan metabolisme sebagai najis

Sistem Rangka Sistem Urinari


Sistem sokongan badan Menghasilkan, menyimpan
dan melindungi organ dan menyingkirkan urin
badan
Mengawalatur kandungan
Sebagai rangka untuk otot air

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit
Of Life

2.4 The Human BeingA Complex Organism

ITeach Science Form 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

The Human BeingA Complex Organism

The human body is made up of billions of


cells.

The Human BeingA Each type of cell specializes in performing a


Complex Organism particular function.

Cells are organized to form tissues, organs,


and systems to ensure that the body function
efficiently.

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Manusia Ialah Organisma Yang Kompleks

Badan manusia terdiri daripada berjuta-juta


sel.

Manusia Ialah
Organisma Yang Setiap sel mempunyai fungsi yang khusus.
Kompleks

Sel membentuk tisu, organ, dan sistem bagi


membolehkan badan dapat berfungsi dengan
baik.

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


Topic 2 Cell As A Unit Of Life

The Human BeingA Complex Organism

The Ability of Human Brain

Create and
Distinguish
perform many
between right
specialized
and wrong Understand functions
problem and
solve the
problem

ITeach Science Form 1


Topik 2 Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Kehidupan

Manusia Ialah Organisma Yang Kompleks

Keupayaan Otak Manusia

Menentukan Mencipta idea


perkara yang dan
betul atau melakukan
salah Memahami dan fungsi khusus
menyelesaikan
masalah

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1


The End

i - Teach

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