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    Intro To Chem

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    Shirat Mohsin
    The document provides an introduction to chemistry, discussing what chemistry is, the different branches of chemistry including inorganic, organic, analytical, physical, and biochemistry. It also covers what matter is, the history of chemistry including important figures like Aristotle, Lavoisier, Dalton, and Mendeleev, and the scientific method.

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    Intro To Chem

    Uploaded by

    Shirat Mohsin
    49 views39 pages
    The document provides an introduction to chemistry, discussing what chemistry is, the different branches of chemistry including inorganic, organic, analytical, physical, and biochemistry. It also covers what matter is, the history of chemistry including important figures like Aristotle, Lavoisier, Dalton, and Mendeleev, and the scientific method.

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    The document provides an introduction to chemistry, discussing what chemistry is, the different branches of chemistry including inorganic, organic, analytical, physical, and biochemistry. It also covers what matter is, the history of chemistry including important figures like Aristotle, Lavoisier, Dalton, and Mendeleev, and the scientific method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    49 views39 pages

    Intro To Chem

    Uploaded by

    Shirat Mohsin
    The document provides an introduction to chemistry, discussing what chemistry is, the different branches of chemistry including inorganic, organic, analytical, physical, and biochemistry. It also covers what matter is, the history of chemistry including important figures like Aristotle, Lavoisier, Dalton, and Mendeleev, and the scientific method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 39

    Mrs.

    Coyle

    Introduction to Chemistry
    Part I
    Chemistry and Technology
    Chemistry
    The study of:

    the composition (make-up) of matter

    the changes that matter undergoes


    What is matter?
    Anything that:

    has mass
    and
    occupies space (volume).
    Mass vs Weight
    Mass: a measure of the amount of
    matter that an object contains. (SI
    unit kilogram, kg)

    Weight: The force with which the


    earth pulls on an object. (SI unit
    Newton, N)
    The 5 Branches of Chemistry

    Inorganic
    Organic

    Analytical

    Physical

    Biochemistry
    Inorganic Chemistry
    The study of chemicals that do not
    contain carbon.
    Organic Chemistry
    The study of chemicals that contain
    carbon.
    Origin: study of chemicals in living
    organisms.
    Organic or Inorganic ?

    Sulfuric Acid H2SO4

    Methane CH4

    Hydrochloric Acid HCl

    Ethane C2H6
    Analytical Chemistry
    Composition of matter.

    Ex:
    Mass Spectrometer
    Gas Chromatograph
    http://besg.group.shef.ac.uk/Facilities/Images/gcms.JPG
    Physical Chemistry
    The study of :
    The mechanism
    The rate

    The energy transfer

    that happens when matter


    undergoes change.
    Biochemistry
    Study of processes that take place
    in organisms.
    Science
    What?
    Why?

    How?

    When?
    Science and Technology
    Science Pure
    Does not necessarily have an
    application.
    Technology Applied
    Has practical applications in society.
    Engineering.
    Question: Science or Technology?

    Studying or forming aspirin in a lab in


    small scale (small amounts).
    Question: Science or Technology?
    Producing aspirin tablets so that
    consumers can use them.
    Example: Discovery of Nylon
    by Wallace Carothers in 1930s

    http://www.chemheritage.org/EducationalServices/nylon/nylon.html

    http://heritage.dupont.com/touchpoints/tp_1935-2/depth.shtml
    Microscopic- Macroscopic
    Micro (small)
    Microscopic- objects can be seen with
    a microscope.

    Macro-(from afar)
    Macroscopic- objects are seen
    without a microscope.
    Part II A Brief History and
    the Scientific Method
    Aristotle (Greece, 4th Century BC)

    Philosopher who
    believed that:
    There are 4 elements:

    earth, water, air, fire.

    Matter is perpetually
    divisible.
    Democritus
    (Greece, 4th Century BC)

    First atomic theory


    Atom (indivisible).
    Alchemists (~300BC-1650 AD)
    China, India, Arabia, Europe, Egypt

    Aiming to:
    Change common
    metals to gold.
    Develop medicines.
    Developed lab
    equipment.
    Mystical.
    Galileo Galilei (Italy 1564 AD)

    Father of the
    scientific method
    (along with the Englishman
    Francis Bacon 1500s).
    Antoine Lavoisier
    (France 1743-1794)
    Regarded as the Father of Chemistry.
    Designed equipment.

    Used observations

    and measurements.
    Discovered nitrogen.
    Antoine Lavoisier (contd)

    Discovered the Law of Conservation of


    Mass:
    In a chemical reaction mass is conserved.
    Antoine Lavoisier (contd)
    Explained burning as reaction with
    oxygen.

    Old theory: release of phlogiston.


    Question:
    Does an iron nail gain mass or lose
    mass when it rusts (a form of burning)?
    John Dalton
    (England 1766-1844)

    Atomic theory
    Amedeo Avogadro
    (Italy, 1776-1856)
    Avogadros Number 6.02x1023

    One mole of any substance contains


    6.02x1023 particles.
    Dmitri Mendelev
    (Russia, 1834-1907)

    First Periodic Table of elements.


    The Scientific Method

    Steps followed during scientific


    investigations.
    Scientific Method
    Observation- recognition of a problem.
    Hypothesis- a proposed explanation of an
    observation
    an educated guess
    must be testable.
    Experiment- a procedure used to test a
    hypothesis (measurement, data collection,
    manipulated and responding variables)
    Theory
    Law
    Theory
    A well tested explanation for a broad
    set of observations.
    May use models.
    May allow predictions.
    Theories may change to explain new
    observations.
    Law

    A statement that summarizes results of


    observations, but does not explain
    them.

    Changes or is abandoned when


    contradicted by new experiments.
    Note:
    The order of the steps can vary and
    additional steps may be added.
    No number of
    experiments can prove
    me right;
    a single experiment can
    prove me wrong.
    Albert Einstein
    Part III Math and Chemistry
    Math- the language of Science
    Units

    SI Units International System

    Basic Units
    mks
    Length (meter) m
    Mass (kilogram) kg
    Time (second) s

    National Bureau of Standards


    Solving Word Problems
    Analyze
    List knowns and unknowns.

    Devise a plan.

    Write the math equation to be used.

    Calculate
    If needed, rearrange the equation to solve
    for the unknown.
    Substitute the knowns with units in the
    equation and express the answer with units.
    Evaluate
    Is the answer reasonable?

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