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EDU 575 Session1

The document discusses action research and compares it to other types of research. It defines action research and its aims, provides examples of its methodology including the action-reflection cycle, and contrasts it with other research approaches. The document is intended as an introductory lecture on action research.

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Ariffin AJ
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56 views25 pages

EDU 575 Session1

The document discusses action research and compares it to other types of research. It defines action research and its aims, provides examples of its methodology including the action-reflection cycle, and contrasts it with other research approaches. The document is intended as an introductory lecture on action research.

Uploaded by

Ariffin AJ
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EDU 575

ACTION RESEARCH
SESSION ONE: INTRO TO
ACTION RESEARCH
ADVANCED ORGANIZER
DEFINITION OF RESEARCH
RESEARCH IN MALAYSIAN
EDUCATION SCENARIO
TYPES OF RESEARCH
RESEARCH DESIGN
DEFINITION OF ACTION RESEARCH
COMPARISON BETWEEN ACTION
RESEARCH AND OTHER RESEARCH
DEFINITION OF RESEARCH

WHERE
WHEN
WHAT
WHY
HOW
A SYSTEMATIC AND ORGANIZED
EFFORT TO INVESTIGATE A SPECIFIC
PROBLEM THAT REQUIRES A
SOLUTION
WHY DO WE RESEARCH?
EXPLORATION
DESCRIPTION
EXPLANATION
WHY WE DO RESEARCH?
TO GET A DEGREE COURSE
THE MONEY IS THERE REQUIREMENT
PEER PRESSURE DISCOVERY
PROMOTION INQUISITIVENESS
RECOGNITION SELF FULFILLMENT
PUBLICATION GUT FEELING
CLIENT REQUEST
POLICY FORMULATION
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD

1. PROBLEM 3. TESTING
2. HYPOTHESIS 4. CONCLUSION
IDENTIFICATION MECHANISM

ASSUMPTION/ PROOF OR DISPROOF/


THEORY/ SCOPE/ DATA PROPERTITIES/
INTELLIGENT RELIABILITY/
EXPERIMENTATION/ STATISTICAL/
GUESS/ VALIDITY/
OBSERVATION SPECIFIC TEST
HUNCH GENERALIZATION
ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
RESEARCH?
WHAT ARE THE SKILLS NEEDED IN
DOING RESEARCH?
WHAT ARE SOME CONSTRAINTS
HINDERING YOU FROM INVOLVING IN
RESEARCH?
RESEARCH IN MALAYSIAN
EDUCATION SCENARIO
4 GROUPS OF RESEARCHERS:
A) INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHER
B) UNIVERSITY ACADEMICIANS
C) INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATIONS/BODIES
(UNESCO/WORLD BANK) COOPERATING
WITH LOCAL RESEARCH
CENTRES/INSTITUTES
D) GOVERNEMNT AGENCIES
(BPPDP/BPG/PPK, etc)
RESEARCH DONE IN SCHOOLS
ON TEACHERS OR STUDENTS (T & L)
TEACHERS OR STUDENTS ARE THE
SUBJECTS OF RESEARCH
TYPES OF EDUCATIONAL
RESEARCH

EDUCATIONAL
RESEARCH

FUNDAMENTAL APPLIED ACTION


RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH
FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH
EMPHASIZE ON KNOWLEDGE
DISCOVERY ONLY FOR THE SAKE OF
KNOWLEDGE
NORMALLY FOCUSES ON IN-DEPTH
STUDY OF AVAILABLE THEORIES
AIM IS TO OBTAIN EMPIRICAL DATA TO
FURTHER CONFIRM OR DEVELOP
THEORIES
APPLIED RESEARCH
RESEARCH DONE TO EXPLORE
PHENOMENA, IDENTIFY PROBLEMS
TO STRATEGISE ACTIONS TO SOLVE
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS
RESEARCH DONE DIRECTLY ON REAL
PROBLEM AND CONDUCTED IN
SITUATION WHERE PROBLEM WAS
IDENTIFIED
ACTION RESEARCH
SELF-REFLECTIVE RESEARCH
DONE BY PRACTITONER IN THE
RESPECTIVE SOCIAL SITUATION THROUGH
SELF-INTERVENTIONS IN ORDER TO
IMPROVE OR UPGRADE ONES PRACTICE
QUALITY AND TO FURTHER COMPREHEND
THE PRACTICE IN THE RESPECTIVE
SITUATION WHERE THE PROBLEM WAS
IDENTIFIED
AN INVESTIGATION
RIGOROUS SELF-APPRAISAL OF
CURRENT PRACTICE
PROBLEM - BASIS OF INFO PLANS
IMPLEMENTS EVALUATION -
CONCLUSION
THE ORDERLY PROCESS OF COLLECTING
DATA ABOUT A SYSTEM RELATIVE TO A
GOAL OR NEED OF THAT SYSTEM (AGUINIS,
1994)
UNLIKE OTHER RESEARCH, ACTION
RESEARCH HAS A DIFFERENT PURPOSE
PURPOSE: GOAL & PROCESS FED BACK
INTO THE SYSTEM WITH ACTION TAKEN AS
CONSEQUENCE
SYSTEMATIC, ON-GOING PROCESS OF
HYPOTHESISING, COLLECTING DATA,
FEEDING THE DATA BACK INTO THE
SYSTEM IN A PROCESS OF
HYPOTHESIS TESTING & PROBLEM
SOLVING.
PRACTITIONER-LED RESEARCH
PRACTITIONER-BASED RESEARCH
WHY?
CAN BE DONE BY ANYONE IN ANY
CONTEXT
INVOLVES THINKING CAREFULLY
ABOUT ONES DOING
HENCE, SELF-REFLECTION
DEFINITION:
AR IS AN APPROACH TO IMPROVING
EDUCATION THROUGH CHANGE BY
ENCOURAGING
TEACHER/PRINCIPAL/HEADMASTER TO BE
AWARE OF THEIR OWN PRACTICE TO BE
CRITICAL OF THAT PRACTICE AND TO BE
PREPARED TO CHANGE IT. IT IS
PARTICIPATORY IN THAT IT INVOLVES
COLABORATION, INVOLVING OTHERS AS A
PART OF SHARED ENQUIRY.
(Hopkins, 1993)
AR IS A TEACHER-INITIATED
CLASSROOM INVESTIGATION WHICH
SEEKS TO INCREASE THE TEACHERS
UNDESTANDING OF CLASSROOM
TEACHING & LEARNING (T& L) AND TO
BRING ABOUT CHANGE IN
CLASSROOM PRACTICE.
(Kemmis & McTaggart, 1988)
AIMS AT:
IMPROVING TEACHING PRACTICE
PROVIDING BETTER UNDERSTANDING
ABOUT TEACHING
IMPROVING CLASSROOM SITUATIONS
ACTION-REFLECTION CYCLE

REFLECTING PLANNING

OBSERVING ACTING
COMPARISON BETWEEN ACTION
RESEARCH AND OTHER RESEARCH
ACTION RESEARCH OTHER RESEARCH
1. OBJECTIVE: 1. OBJECTIVE:
TO IMPROVE AND TO TO GENERALIZE, IDENTIFY
INCREASE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBLEMS, TEST THEORIES
OWNS PRACTICE OR DESCRIBE PHENOMENA
2. DESIGN: 2. DESIGN:
FLEXIBLE, CAN BE ADAPTED RIGID, FIXED PRIOR TO
BASED ON ACTUAL SITUATION RESEARCH CONDUCT
IN SCHOOL 3. RESEARCH SUBJECT:
CYCLICAL IN NATURE RESEARCHER IS NOT
3. RESEARCH SUBJECT: SUBJECT (OUTSIDER),
TEACHER IS RESEARCHER SUBJECTS CHOSEN BASED ON
(INSIDER)AND PART OF THE PROPER SAMPLING
SUBJECTS PROCEDURES
ACTION OTHER
RESEARCH: RESEARCH:
4. RESEARCH METHOD: 4. RESEARCH METHOD
DONE IN ACTUAL DEPENDS ON SAMPLING
SITUATION, QUANTITATIVE AND ADVANCED
& QUALITATIVE DESIGN STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TO
USING DESCRIPTIVE & STRENGTHEN DATA
NARRATIVE APPROACH 5. RESEARCH REPORT:
5. RESEARCH REPORT: TECHNICAL, DIFFICULT TO
USING SIMPLE LANGUAGE BEUNDERSTOOD BY
UNDERSTOOD BY TEACHER SINCE REQUIRE
TEACHER, NARRATIVE, SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE
USING FIRST PRONOUN
ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION
DISCUSS AN ACTION RESEARCH THAT
YOU KNOW OF;
IDENTIFY ITS:
A) PROBLEM (STAGE 1)
B) INTERVENTIONS (STAGE 2)
C) OUTCOMES (STAGE 3)
D) SUGGESTIONS MADE (STAGE 4)

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