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Introduction To XHTML Part 1

The document introduces XHTML, including its objectives, agenda, definitions, and basic syntax. Key points include: - XHTML aims to replace HTML and is a stricter, cleaner version of HTML that is a web standard. - XHTML documents must be properly nested, well-formed according to XML rules, have lowercase tags, and all elements must be closed. - The basic structure of an XHTML document includes an XML declaration, DOCTYPE declaration, html element containing head and body elements.

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Sofea Khalid
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252 views

Introduction To XHTML Part 1

The document introduces XHTML, including its objectives, agenda, definitions, and basic syntax. Key points include: - XHTML aims to replace HTML and is a stricter, cleaner version of HTML that is a web standard. - XHTML documents must be properly nested, well-formed according to XML rules, have lowercase tags, and all elements must be closed. - The basic structure of an XHTML document includes an XML declaration, DOCTYPE declaration, html element containing head and body elements.

Uploaded by

Sofea Khalid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Introduction to XHTML

Part 1 of 2
[email protected]
Objectives

By the end of this chapter, students will be able to

identify
important components of XHTML
document

use XHTML tags to create web page

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Agenda
Whatis XHTML?
XHTML is a Web Standard
Why XHTML?
XHTML vs. HTML
XHTML syntax (intro - part 1)

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What is XHTML?
stands for EXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
aimed to replace HTML
almost identical to HTML 4.01
stricter and cleaner version of HTML

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XHTML is a Web standard
XHTML 1.0 became an official W3C
Recommendation on January 26, 2000
XHTML 1.1 May 31st 2001
XHTML 5 28 October 2014
the specification is stable
has been reviewed by the W3C membership
the specification is now a Web standard

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Why XHTML?

<html>
<head>
<title>This is bad HTML </title>
<body>
<h1>Bad HTML
</body>

the code above works fine if you


view in a web browser , even it does not follow
the HTML rules

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Why XHTML?
we need a "well-formed" document. why?
different browser technologies
some browsers run on computers, some
browsers run on mobile phones and some on
palm pilots (do you know this?)
problem in interpreting a "bad" markup
language

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Differences between XHTML & HTML?

XHTML elements must be properly nested


XHTML documents must be well-formed
tag names must be in lowercase
all XHTML elements must be closed

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XHTML Documents must be
properly nested
in HTML, some elements can be improperly
nested within each other like this:

<b><i>This text is bold and italic </b></i>

in XHTML, ALL elements must be properly


nested within each other like this:

<b><i>This text is bold and italic </i></b>

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XHTML Documents must be
well-formed
must be nested within the <html> root element
all other elements can have sub (children)
elements
sub elements must be in pairs and correctly
nested within their parent elements.
below is the basic document structure:

<html>
<head>. . . </head>
<body>. . . </body>
</html>

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Tag Names Must Be in Lower Case
XHTML documents are XML applications
XML is case-sensitive
tags like <br> and <BR> are interpreted as
different tags

This is Wrong This is Correct


<BODY> <body>
<P>This is a <p>This is a
paragraph </P> paragraph</p>
</BODY> </body>

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ALL XHTML Elements
Must Be Closed
non-empty elements must have an end tag
empty elements must also be closed

This is Wrong This is Correct


<p>This is a <p>This is a
paragraph paragraph
</p>
This is a break <br> This is a break
<br />

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XHTML Basic Syntax
an XHTML documents consists of 3 main parts
1. the DOCTYPE
2. the head
3. the body
the basic document structure is:
<?xml . . . >
<!DOCTYPE . . . >
<html>
<head> <title>... </title> </head>
<body> ... </body>
</html>

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XHTML Basic Syntax
theDOCTYPE declaration should always be in the
second line after XML declaration.
<html> tag is a must

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>


<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML
1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
strict.dtd">

an XHTML example (minimal)

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XHTML <!DOCTYPE>

the <!DOCTYPE> is mandatory. There are currently


3 XHTML document types:
STRICT - when you want really clean markup, free of
presentational clutter. normally use this together with
Cascading Style Sheet(CSS)
TRANSITIONAL - when you want to take advantage of
HTML's presentational features and when you want to
support browsers that don't understand CSS
FRAMESET - when you want to use frames to partition
the browser window into two or more frames set

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More XHTML Tags:
comment ... more tags in the next
header class
paragraph homework: write an

break
XHTML document
about yourself. you
horizontal bar can include your
bold, italic, font photo, strengths,
list weaknesses, email
link address etc. save your
document as
images
your_id.html
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Resources
XHTML Tutorial
http://www.w3schools.com/tags/default.asp
The W3C Markup Validaton Service
http://validator.w3.org/

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