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Introduction To Images: Image File Formats

Image file formats are standardized ways to store digital images and include JPEG, TIFF, PNG, GIF and RAW formats. JPEG files use lossy compression to create smaller file sizes best for photographs online. TIFF files are uncompressed, retaining full quality but creating large file sizes best for archiving. PNG files use lossless compression and a wide color range, making them suitable for online images with text or graphics. [/SUMMARY]

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Richard Melvin Garcia
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53 views

Introduction To Images: Image File Formats

Image file formats are standardized ways to store digital images and include JPEG, TIFF, PNG, GIF and RAW formats. JPEG files use lossy compression to create smaller file sizes best for photographs online. TIFF files are uncompressed, retaining full quality but creating large file sizes best for archiving. PNG files use lossless compression and a wide color range, making them suitable for online images with text or graphics. [/SUMMARY]

Uploaded by

Richard Melvin Garcia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Images

Image file formats


Image file formats
are standardized means of organizing and storing digital
images. Image files are composed of digital data in one of
these formats that can be rasterized for use on a computer
display or printer. An image file format may store data in
uncompressed, compressed, or vector formats. Once
rasterized, an image becomes a grid of pixels, each of
which has a number of bits to designate its color equal to
the color depth of the device displaying it.
digital image
is a numeric representation of
(normally binary) a two-
dimensional image.
Depending on whether
the image resolution is fixed, it
may be
of vector or raster type. By
itself, the term "digital image"
usually refers to raster
images or bitmapped images
.
Rasterized(Raster graphics)
In computer graphics, a raster
graphics image is a dot
matrix data
structure representing a
generally rectangular grid
of pixels, or points of color,
viewable via a monitor, paper, or
other display medium. Raster
images are stored in image
files with varying formats.
dot matrix
is a 2-dimensional
patterned array, used to
represent characters,
symbols and images. Every
type of modern technology
uses dot matrices for display
of information, including cell
phones, televisions, and
printers. They are also used in
textiles with sewing, knitting,
and weaving.
Vectors
Vector graphics is the use
of polygons to
represent images in computer
graphics. Vector graphics are based
on vectors, which lead through
locations called control points or
nodes. Each of these points has a
definite position on the x and y axes
of the work plane and determines
the direction of the path; further,
each path may be assigned various
attributes, including such values as
stroke color, shape, curve, thickness,
and fill.
bitmap graphic
is composed of many tiny parts,
called pixels, which are often
many different colours. It is
possible to edit each individual
pixel. Since the computer has to
store information about every
single pixel in the image, the file
size of a bitmap graphic is often
quite large.
Image file compression
Lossless compression
algorithms reduce file size while preserving a perfect copy
of the original uncompressed image. Lossless compression
generally, but not always, results in larger files than lossy
compression. Lossless compression should be used to avoid
accumulating stages of re-compression when editing
images.
Lossless compression
Lossy compression
algorithms preserve a representation of the original
uncompressed image that may appear to be a perfect copy,
but it is not a perfect copy. Often lossy compression is able to
achieve smaller file sizes than lossless compression. Most lossy
compression algorithms allow for variable compression that
trades image quality for file size.
Different Image File
Format/Extension
TIFF (also known as TIF), file types ending in .tif
TIFF stands for Tagged Image File Format. TIFF images
create very large file sizes. TIFF images are uncompressed
and thus contain a lot of detailed image data (which is why
the files are so big) TIFFs are also extremely flexible in terms
of color (they can be grayscale, or CMYK for print, or RGB
for web) and content (layers, image tags).

The ability to store image data in a lossless format makes


a TIFF file a useful image archive, because, unlike standard
JPEG files, a TIFF file using lossless compression (or none)
may be edited and re-saved without losing image quality.
JPEG (also known as JPG), file types ending in
.jpg
JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, which
created this standard for this type of image formatting.
JPEG files are images that have been compressed to store
a lot of information in a small-size file. Most digital cameras
store photos in JPEG format, because then you can take
more photos on one camera card than you can with other
formats.

A JPEG is compressed in a way that loses some of the


image detail during the compression in order to make the
file small (and thus called lossy compression).
JPEG files are usually used for photographs on the web,
because they create a small file that is easily loaded on a
web page and also looks good.
JPEG files are bad for line drawings or logos or graphics, as
the compression makes them look bitmappy (jagged
lines instead of straight ones).
GIF, file types ending in .gif
GIF stands for Graphic Interchange Format. This format
compresses images but, as different from JPEG, the
compression is lossless (no detail is lost in the compression,
but the file cant be made as small as a JPEG).

GIFs also have an extremely limited color range suitable for


the web but not for printing. This format is never used for
photography, because of the limited number of colors. GIFs
can also be used for animations.
PNG, file types ending in .png
PNG stands for Portable Network
Graphics. It was created as an
open format to replace GIF,
because the patent for GIF was
owned by one company and
nobody else wanted to pay
licensing fees. It also allows for a
full range of color and better
compression.
PNG
Its used almost exclusively for
web images, never for print
images. For photographs, PNG is
not as good as JPEG, because it
creates a larger file. But for
images with some text, or line art,
its better, because the images
look less bitmappy.
Raw image files
Raw image files contain data
from a digital camera (usually).
The files are called raw
because they havent been
processed and therefore cant
be edited or printed yet. There
are a lot of different raw
formatseach camera
company often has its own
proprietary format.
Raw Image File
Raw files usually contain a vast amount of data that is
uncompressed. Because of this, the size of a raw file is
extremely large. Usually they are converted to TIFF before
editing and color-correcting.
Sizes

1 bit = a 1 or 0 (b)
4 bits = 1 nybble (?)
8 bits = 1 byte (B)
1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB)
1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte (MB)
1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte (GB)
1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte (TB)
Images start with differing numbers of colors in them.
The simplest images may contain only two colors, such as
black and white, and will need only 1 bit to represent each
pixel. Many early PC video cards would support only 16
fixed colors. Later cards would display 256 simultaneously,
any of which could be chosen from a pool of 224, or 16
million colors. New cards devote 24 bits to each pixel, and
are therefore capable of displaying 224, or 16 million colors
without restriction. A few display even more. Since the eye
has trouble distinguishing between similar colors, 24 bit or 16
million colors is often called TrueColor.
640 * 480 * 24 = 7,372,800 bits = 921,600
bytes = 900 KiB
Tiff, uncompressed 901K
`
Tiff, LZW lossless compression (yes, its
928K
actually bigger)

JPG, High quality 319K


JPG, medium quality 188K
JPG, my usual web quality 105K

JPG, low quality / high compression 50K

JPG, absurdly high compression 18K

PNG, lossless compression 741K


GIF, lossless compression, but only 256
286
colors

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