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Note 8 PLC Introduction

The document is about programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It introduces PLCs, explaining that they implement logic control functions through a program. It then provides examples of how PLCs can be used for gate control and conveyor systems. The document outlines the basic structure of a PLC, including its processor, input and output devices, and programming. It describes how PLCs differ from computers and why they are commonly used for industrial automation applications.

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kandavel71
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© © All Rights Reserved
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507 views23 pages

Note 8 PLC Introduction

The document is about programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It introduces PLCs, explaining that they implement logic control functions through a program. It then provides examples of how PLCs can be used for gate control and conveyor systems. The document outlines the basic structure of a PLC, including its processor, input and output devices, and programming. It describes how PLCs differ from computers and why they are commonly used for industrial automation applications.

Uploaded by

kandavel71
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

PLC - Introduction

What does PLC stand for?

PLC - programmable logic controller


PLC implements logic control functions by means
of a program

lecture note 9 PLC 1


1. PLC - Introduction
Features

lecture note 9 PLC 2


1. PLC - Introduction
Features

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1. PLC - Introduction
An application example 1: Gate Control

PLC can sense a vehicle at the entrance or exit, and


open and close the gate automatically
The current vehicle count is easily determined by
programming a simple counter
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1. PLC - Introduction
An application example 2: Conveyor System

PLC can be used to start/stop latching logic for motor


control
Counters can be used for monitoring product amounts

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1. PLC - Introduction
Comparing traditional and programmable control systems - 1

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1. PLC - Introduction
Comparing traditional and programmable control ystems - 2

In traditional control, the switches S1, S2 and S3 must close for


K1 to be turned on - the wiring makes the rule
In PLC systems, the program is written to perform the logic when
S1 is closed AND S2 is closed AND S3 is closed, THEN turn on
K1 - the program makes the rule

It is much simpler to change program then wiring!

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1. PLC - Introduction

How does a PLC differ from a computer?

A computer is optimized for calculation and display tasks


A computer is programmed by specialists
A PLC is designed for (logic) control and regulation tasks
A PLC is programmed by non-specialists
A PLC is well adapted to industrial environment

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1. PLC - Introduction

Why are PLCs so common?

They are cost-effective


They are flexible, reliable and compact
They have significant advantages over traditional
control systems based on relay or pneumatics

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1. PLC - Introduction

Where are PLCs used?

In every industry where automation is involved,


from individual machines to whole processes

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1. PLC - Introduction

What tasks do PLCs perform?

The logic control tasks such as interlocking,


sequencing, timing and counting (previously
undertaken with relays or pneumatics)
In addition, PLCs can perform a variety of
calculation, communication and monitoring tasks

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1. PLC - Introduction

Outputs & Power Supply


Communication
Ports (RS-485)

Inputs
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1. PLC - Introduction
Structure of a PLC

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1. PLC - Introduction
The PLC processor

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1. PLC - Introduction

PLC Input/Output Devices

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1. PLC - Introduction

PLC Input Devices

Push buttons
Switches (limit switches, level switches, etc.)
Sensors
...

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1. PLC - Introduction

PLC Output Devices

Relay contacts
Solenoid valves
Signal devices (such as lamps, alarms, etc.)
Motors
...

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1. PLC - Introduction

Programming is done through programming


terminal
Programming terminal translates engineering
language (logic control) to machine language
(binary code)

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1. PLC - Introduction

Programming through standard computer


Most PLC manufacturers offer software packages
that allow a standard computer to be used as a
programming terminal

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1. PLC - Introduction

Programming through standard computer

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1. PLC - Introduction

Relating the program to inputs and outputs


The CPU reads the data from the inputs
The program in the CPU uses the inputs to
evaluate the control logic. As the program runs,
the CPU updates the data
The CPU writes the data to the output

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1. PLC - Introduction

Data Flow in the PLC

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1. PLC - Introduction
One of the advantages of PLC is that it can be programmed by
non-specialists

Program can be written either in the form of a

statement list: a set of mnemonic instructions representing a


function of the CPU
or a
ladder diagram: a graphical language resembling the
electrical relay diagrams

lecture note 9 PLC 23

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