Cisco Networking Academy Program

Spanning Tree Protocol

Spanning Tree Protocol

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Redundant Paths and No Spanning Tree. So, whats the

Spanning Tree Protocol
problem?

10BaseT Ports (12) 100BaseT Ports

Moe

A
Host Kahn
00-90-27-76-96-93
Hub
A
10BaseT Ports (12)

Larry
100BaseT Ports
Host Baran
00-90-27-76-5D-FE
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 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Host Kahn sends an Ethernet frame to Host Baran. Both

Spanning Tree Protocol
Switch Moe and Switch Larry see the frame and record Host
Kahns Mac Address in their switching tables.
10BaseT Ports (12) 100BaseT Ports

Moe

A
Host Kahn
00-90-27-76-96-93
Hub
A
10BaseT Ports (12)

Larry
100BaseT Ports
Host Baran
00-90-27-76-5D-FE
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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
SAT (Source Address Table)
Port 1: 00-90-27-76-96-93
1 10BaseT Ports (12)

Moe

A
Host Kahn
Hub 00-90-27-76-96-93

A
10BaseT Ports (12)

Larry
1 2 100BaseT Ports
Host Baran SAT (Source Address Table)
Port 1: 00-90-27-76-96-93

00-90-27-76-5D-FE
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000
 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Both Switches do not have the destination MAC address in their

Spanning Tree Protocol
table so they flood it out all ports.
SAT (Source Address Table)

1 10BaseT Ports (12) Port 1: 00-90-27-76-96-93

Moe

Host Kahn A
Hub 00-90-27-76-96-93

10BaseT Ports (12)

A

Larry
100BaseT Ports
1 2 Host Baran
SAT (Source Address Table)
Port 1: 00-90-27-76-96-93
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000 00-90-27-76-5D-FE
 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Switch Moe now learns, incorrectly, that the Source Address

Spanning Tree Protocol
00-90-27-76-96-93 is on Port A.
SAT (Source Address Table)
Port 1: 00-90-27-76-96-93

1 10BaseT Ports (12) Port A: 00-90-27-76-96-93

Moe

Host Kahn A
Hub 00-90-27-76-96-93

10BaseT Ports (12)

A

Larry
100BaseT Ports
1 2 Host Baran
SAT (Source Address Table)
Port 1: 00-90-27-76-96-93

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000 00-90-27-76-5D-FE

 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Switch Larry also learns, incorrectly, that the Source Address

Spanning Tree Protocol
00-90-27-76-96-93 is on Port A.
SAT (Source Address Table)
Port 1: 00-90-27-76-96-93

1 10BaseT Ports (12) Port A: 00-90-27-76-96-93

Moe
Host Kahn A

Hub 00-90-27-76-96-93

10BaseT Ports (12) A

Larry
100BaseT Ports
1 2 Host Baran
SAT (Source Address Table)
Port 1: 00-90-27-76-96-93

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000 00-90-27-76-5D-FE Port A: 00-90-27-76-96-93

 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Now, when Host Baran sends a frame to Host Kahn, it will be

Spanning Tree Protocol
sent the longer way, through Switch Larrys port A.
SAT (Source Address Table)

1 10BaseT Ports (12) Port A: 00-90-27-76-96-93

Moe

Host Kahn A
Hub 00-90-27-76-96-93

10BaseT Ports (12)

A

Larry
100BaseT Ports
1 2 Host Baran SAT (Source Address Table)
Port A: 00-90-27-76-96-93

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000 00-90-27-76-5D-FE

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Then the same confusion happens, but this

time with Host Baran. Okay, maybe this is not
the end of the world. Frames will just take a
longer path and you may also see other
unexpected results.

But what about broadcast frames, like ARP

Requests?

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Lets, leave the switching tables alone and just look at what
Spanning Tree Protocol
happens with the frames. Host Kahn sends out a Layer 2
broadcast frame, like an ARP Request.
1 10BaseT Ports (12)

Moe

Host Kahn A
Hub 00-90-27-76-96-93

10BaseT Ports (12)

A

Larry
100BaseT Ports
1 2
Host Baran

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000 00-90-27-76-5D-FE

 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Because it is a Layer 2 broadcast frame, both switches, Moe

Spanning Tree Protocol
and Larry, flood the frame out all ports, including their port As.

1 10BaseT Ports (12)

Moe

Host Kahn A
Hub 00-90-27-76-96-93

10BaseT Ports (12)

A

Larry
100BaseT Ports
1 2
Host Baran

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000 00-90-27-76-5D-FE

 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Both switches receive the same broadcast, but on a different

Spanning Tree Protocol
port. Doing what switches do, both switches flood the duplicate
broadcast frame out their other ports.
1 10BaseT Ports (12)

Moe
Duplicate
frame
Host Kahn A
Duplicate
frame
Hub 00-90-27-76-96-93

10BaseT Ports (12)

A

Larry
100BaseT Ports
1 2
Host Baran

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000 00-90-27-76-5D-FE

 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Here we go again, with the switches flooding the same

Spanning Tree Protocol
broadcast again out its other ports. This results in duplicate
frames, known as a broadcast storm!
10BaseT Ports (12)

Moe
A
Host Kahn Duplicate
Frame

Hub 00-90-27-76-96-93 Duplicate

Frame

10BaseT Ports (12)

A

Larry
100BaseT Ports
1 2
Host Baran

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000 00-90-27-76-5D-FE

 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Remember, that Layer 2 broadcasts not only take up network

Spanning Tree Protocol
bandwidth, but must be processed by each host. This can
severely impact a network, to the point of making it unusable.
10BaseT Ports (12)

Moe
A
Host Kahn
Hub 00-90-27-76-96-93

10BaseT Ports (12)

A

Larry
1 2
Host Baran

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000 00-90-27-76-5D-FE

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Spanning Tree to the Rescue!

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Introducing Spanning-Tree Protocol

Standby Link

Switches forward broadcast frames

Prevents loops
Loops can cause broadcast storms, exponentially proliferate frames
Allows redundant links
Prunes topology to a minimal spanning tree
Resilient to topology changes and device failures
Main function of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is to allow redundant
switched/bridged paths without suffering the effects of loops in the network
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000
 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

The STA is used to calculate a loop-free path.

Spanning-tree frames called bridge protocol data units
(BPDUs) are sent and received by all switches in the
network at regular intervals and are used to determine
the spanning tree topology.
A separate instance of STP runs within each
configured VLAN.

(VLANs are later)

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Understanding STP States

States initially set, later modified by STP

Blocking
Listening
Learning
Forwarding
Disabled

Server ports can be configured to

immediately enter STP forward mode
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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Understanding STP States
Blocking - No frames forwarded, BPDUs
heard

Listening - No frames forwarded,

listening for frames

Learning - No frames forwarded,

learning addresses

Forwarding - Frames forwarded,

learning addresses

Disabled - No frames forwarded, no

BPDUs heard
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000
 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA)

Part of 802.1d standard

Simple principle: Build a loop-free tree from
some identified point known as the root.
Redundant paths allowed, but only one
active path.
Developed by Radia Perlman

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree Process
Step 1: Electing a Root Bridge
Step 2: Electing Root Ports
Step 3: Electing Designated Ports
All switches send out Configuration Bridge
Protocol Data Units (Configuration BPDUs)
BPDUs are sent out all interfaces every two
seconds (by default - tunable)
All ports are in Blocking Mode during the
initial Spanning Tree is process.
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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Spanning Tree BPDU

Protocol Identifier (2 bytes)
Version (1 byte)
Message Type (1 byte)
Flags (1 byte)
Root ID (8 bytes)
Cost to Root (4 bytes)
Bridge ID (8 bytes)
Port ID (2 bytes)
Message Age (2 bytes)
Maximum Age (2 bytes)
Hello Time (2 bytes)
Forward Delay (2 bytes)

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA):

Bridge Protocol Data Units Fields (BPDU) (FYI)
The fields used in the STA BPDU are provided
for your information only.
During the discussion of STA you may wish to
refer to this protocol to see how the information is
sent and received.

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Protocol Identifier (2 bytes), Version (1
byte), Message Type (1 byte): Not really
utilized (N/A here)
Flags (1 byte): Used with topology changes
(N/A here)
Root ID (8 bytes): Indicates current Root
Bridge on the network, includes:
Bridge Priority (2 bytes)
Bridge MAC Address (6 bytes)
Known as the Bridge Identifier of the
Root Bridge
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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Cost to Root (4 bytes): Cost of the path
from the bridge sending the BDPU to the
Root Bridge indicated in the Root ID field.
Cost is based on bandwidth.
Bridge ID (8 bytes): Bridge sending the
BDPU
2 bytes: Bridge Priority
6 bytes: MAC Address
Port ID (2 bytes): Port on bridge sending
BDPU, including Port Priority value

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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Message Age (2 bytes): Age of BDPU (N/A
here)
Maximum Age (2 bytes): When BDPU
should be discarded (N/A here)
Hello Time (2 bytes): How often BDPUs
are to be sent (N/A here)
Forward Delay (2 bytes): How long bridge
should remain in listening and learning
states (N/A here)

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program

3 Switches with redundant paths Can you find them?

Spanning Tree Protocol

Moe 1 AB

10BaseT Ports (12) 100BaseT

Ports
Larry AB

10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT

Ports
Curly AB
1

10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT

Ports
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000
 Cisco Networking Academy Program

3 Steps to Spanning Tree

Spanning Tree Protocol

Step 1: Electing a Root Bridge

Bridge Priority
Bridge ID
Root Bridge
Step 2: Electing Root Ports
Path Cost or Port Cost
Root Path Cost
Root Port
Step 3: Electing Designated Ports
Path Cost or Port Cost
Root Path Cost
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000
 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Step 1: Electing a Root Bridge

The first step is for switches to select a Root
Bridge.
The root bridge is the bridge from which all
other paths are decided.
Only one switch can be the root bridge.
Election of a root bridge is decided by:
1. Lowest Bridge Priority
2. Lowest Bridge ID (tie-breaker)

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Bridge Priority
This is a numerical value.
The switch with the with the lowest bridge
priority is the root bridge.
The switches use BPDUs to accomplish this.
All switches consider themselves as the root
bridge until they find out otherwise.
All Cisco Catalyst switches have the default
Bridge priority of 32768.
Its a tie! So then what?

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Bridge Priorities

Moe 1 AB

10BaseT Ports (12) 100BaseT

Ports
Larry AB

10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT

Ports
Curly AB
1

10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT

Ports
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000
 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Switch Moe: Bridge Priority

Catalyst 1900 - Spanning Tree Configuration - Option 1

----------------------- Information ------------------------------------

[V] VLANs assigned to option 1-1005
----------------------- Settings ---------------------------------------
[B] Bridge priority 32768 (8000 hex)
[M] Max age when operating as root 20 second(s)
[H] Hello time when operating as root 2 second(s)
[F] Forward delay when operating as root 15 second(s)

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program

In case of a tie, the Bridge ID is used

Spanning Tree Protocol

Bridge ID
The Bridge ID is the MAC address assigned
to the individual switch.
The lower Bridge ID (MAC address) is the
tiebreaker.
Because MAC addresses are unique, this
ensures that only one bridge will have the
lowest value.
NOTE: There are other tie breakers, if these
values are not unique, but we will not cover
those situations.
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000
 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Catalyst 1900 Management Console

Copyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998
All rights reserved.
Enterprise Edition Software
Ethernet Address: 00-B0-64-26-6D-00

PCA Number: 73-3122-04

PCA Serial Number: FAB03503222
Model Number: WS-C1912-EN
System Serial Number: FAB0351U08M
Power Supply S/N: PHI033301VQ
PCB Serial Number: FAB03503222,73-3122-04

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Bridge Priorities and Bridge Ids
Which one is the lowest?
Moe 1 Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-26-6D-00 AB

10BaseT Ports (12) 100BaseT

Ports
Larry Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-CB-80 AB

10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT

Ports
Curly Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-DC-00 AB
1

10BaseT Ports (24)

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000
 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
You got it!
Lowest: Moe becomes the root bridge

Moe 1 Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-26-6D-00 AB

10BaseT Ports (12) 100BaseT

Ports
Larry Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-CB-80 AB

10BaseT Ports (24)

Curly Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-DC-00

1

10BaseT Ports (24) AB

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Step 2: Electing Root Ports

After the root bridge is selected, switches
(bridges) must locate redundant paths to the
root bridge and block all but one of these
paths.
The switches use BPDUs to accomplish this.
How does the switch make the decision on
which port to use, known as the root port, and
which one should be blocked?

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Redundant Paths

Moe 1 Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-26-6D-00 AB

10BaseT Ports (12) 100BaseT Ports

Larry Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-CB-80

AB

10BaseT Ports (24) ? ?

100BaseT Ports
Curly Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-DC-00
1 ?

10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT Ports

? AB
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000
 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Path Cost (or Port Cost)
Port Cost is used to help find the cheapest
or fastest path to the root bridge.
By default, port cost is usually based on the
medium or bandwidth of the port.
On Cisco Catalyst switches, this value is
derived by dividing 1000 by the speed of the
media in megabits per second.
Examples:
Standard Ethernet: 1,000/10 = 100
Fast Ethernet: 1,000/100 = 10
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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Root Path Cost

The root path cost is the cumulative port
costs (path costs) to the Root Bridge.
This value is transmitted in the BPDU cost
field.

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

However, everything is viewed in relation to the

root bridge.

Root Ports
Ports directly connected to the root bridge
will be the root ports.
Otherwise, the port with the lowest root path
cost will be the root port.

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Path Costs

Moe 1 Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-26-6D-00 AB

10BaseT Ports (12) 100BaseT Ports

Larry Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-CB-80 AB

10BaseT Ports (24) 10 10

100BaseT Ports
Curly Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-DC-00
1 10

10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT Ports

100 AB
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000
 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Curly
Even though the Path Cost to the root bridge
for Curly is higher using Port 1, Port 1 has a
direct connection to the root bridge, thus it
becomes the root port.
Port 1 is then put in Forwarding mode, while
the redundant path of Port A, is put into
Blocking mode.

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Curly

Moe 1 Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-26-6D-00 AB

10BaseT Ports (12) 100BaseT Ports

Larry Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-CB-80

AB

10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT Ports

Curly Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-DC-00 X Blocking
1

Forwarding 10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT Ports

AB
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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Larry
Larry also has a root port, a direct
connection with the root bridge, through
Port B.
Port B is then put in Forwarding mode,
while the redundant path of Port A, is put
into Blocking mode.

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Larry

Moe 1 Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-26-6D-00 AB

10BaseT Ports (12) 100BaseT Ports

Larry Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-CB-80 Forwarding

AB

10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT Ports

X Blocking
Curly Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-DC-00 X Blocking
1

Forwarding 10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT Ports

AB
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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Root Ports

Moe 1 Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-26-6D-00 AB

10BaseT Ports (12) 100BaseT Ports

Larry Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-CB-80 Root Port

AB

10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT Ports

X Blocking
Curly Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-DC-00 X Blocking
1

Root Port 10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT Ports

AB
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000
 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Step 3: Electing Designated Ports

The single port for a switch that sends and
receives traffic to and from the Root Bridge.
It can also be thought of as the port that is
advertising the lowest cost to the Root Bridge.
In our example, we only have the two obvious
choices, which are on switch Moe.
If we had other LAN segments, we could
explain designated ports in more detail, but
this is fine for now.

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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Designated Ports

Moe 1 Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-26-6D-00 AB

Designated Port 10BaseT Ports (12) Designated Port

Larry Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-CB-80 Forwarding

AB

10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT Ports

X Blocking
Curly Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-DC-00 X Blocking
1

Forwarding 10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT Ports

AB
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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Spanning Tree is now complete, and the switches

can begin to properly switch frames out the proper
ports with the correct switching tables and without
creating duplicate frames.

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Most LAN and switched internetwork books

provide information on Spanning Tree. For
more complex examples, you may wish to try
these books:
Cisco Catalyst LAN Switching, by Rossi and
Rossi, McGraw Hill (Very Readable)
CCIE Professional Development: Cisco LAN
Switching, by Clark and Hamilton, Cisco
Press (More Advanced)
Interconnections, by Radia Perlman, Addison
Wesley (Excellent, but very academic)

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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

Extra Item!

Port Fast Mode (from Cisco documentation)

Port Fast mode immediately brings a port

from the blocking state into the forwarding
state by eliminating the forward delay (the
amount of time a port waits before changing
from its STP learning and listening states to
the forwarding state).

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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
When the switch is powered up, the
forwarding state, even if Port Fast mode is
enabled, is delayed to allow the Spanning-
Tree Protocol to discover the topology of the
network and ensure no temporary loops are
formed.

Spanning-tree discovery takes

approximately 30 seconds to complete, and
no packet forwarding takes place during this
time.

After the initial discovery, Port Fast-enabled

ports transition directly from the blocking
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000
state to the forwarding state.
 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree Completed

Moe 1 Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-26-6D-00 AB

10BaseT Ports (12) 100BaseT Ports

Larry Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-CB-80 Forwarding

AB

10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT Ports

X Blocking
Curly Priority: 32768 ID: 00-B0-64-58-DC-00 X Blocking
1

Forwarding 10BaseT Ports (24) 100BaseT Ports

AB
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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Moe- Port 1
Catalyst 1900 - Port 1 Configuration

Built-in 10Base-T
802.1d STP State: Forwarding Forward Transitions: 1

----------------------- Settings ---------------------------------------

[D] Description/name of port
[S] Status of port Enabled
[F] Full duplex Disabled
[I] Port priority (spanning tree) 128 (80 hex)
[C] Path cost (spanning tree) 100
[H] Port fast mode (spanning tree Enabled

----------------------- Related Menus ----------------------------------

[A] Port addressing [V] View port statistics
[N] Next port [G] Goto port
[P] Previous port [X] Exit to Main Menu

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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Moe- Port B
Catalyst 1900 - Port B Configuration

Built-in 100Base-TX
802.1d STP State: Forwarding Forward Transitions: 1
Auto-negotiation status: Full duplex

----------------------- Settings ---------------------------------------

[D] Description/name of port
[S] Status of port Enabled
[I] Port priority (spanning tree) 128 (80 hex)
[C] Path cost (spanning tree) 10
[H] Port fast mode (spanning tree) Disabled
[E] Enhanced congestion control Disabled
[F] Full duplex / Flow control Auto-negotiate

----------------------- Related Menus ----------------------------------

[A] Port addressing [V] View port statistics
[N] Next port [G] Goto port
[P] Previous port [X] Exit to Main Menu

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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Larry
Catalyst 1900 - Bridge Group 1 Spanning Tree Configuration
Bridge ID: 8000 00-B0-64-58-CB-80

----------------------- Information ------------------------------------

Designated root 8000 00-B0-64-26-6D-00
Number of member ports 27 Root port B
Max age (sec) 20 Root path cost 10
Forward Delay (sec) 15 Hello time (sec) 2
Topology changes 2 Last TopChange0d00h48m58s

----------------------- Settings ---------------------------------------

[S] Spanning Tree Algorithm & Protocol Enabled
[B] Bridge priority 32768 (8000 hex)
[M] Max age when operating as root 20 second(s)
[H] Hello time when operating as root 2 second(s)
[F] Forward delay when operating as root 15 second(s)

----------------------- Actions ----------------------------------------

[N] Next bridge group [G] Goto bridge group
[P] Previous bridge group [X] Exit to previous menu

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 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Larry- Port 1
Catalyst 1900 - Port A Configuration

Built-in 100Base-TX
802.1d STP State: Blocking Forward Transitions: 0
Auto-negotiation status: Auto-negotiate

----------------------- Settings ---------------------------------------

[D] Description/name of port
[S] Status of port Suspended-no-linkbeat
[I] Port priority (spanning tree) 128 (80 hex)
[C] Path cost (spanning tree) 10
[H] Port fast mode (spanning tree) Disabled
[E] Enhanced congestion control Disabled
[F] Full duplex / Flow control Auto-negotiate

----------------------- Related Menus ----------------------------------

[A] Port addressing [V] View port statistics
[N] Next port [G] Goto port
[P] Previous port [X] Exit to Main Menu

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 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Larry- Port B
Spanning Tree Protocol

Catalyst 1900 - Port B Configuration

Built-in 100Base-TX
802.1d STP State: Forwarding Forward Transitions: 1
Auto-negotiation status: Full duplex

----------------------- Settings ---------------------------------------

[D] Description/name of port
[S] Status of port Enabled
[I] Port priority (spanning tree) 128 (80 hex)
[C] Path cost (spanning tree) 10
[H] Port fast mode (spanning tree) Disabled
[E] Enhanced congestion control Disabled
[F] Full duplex / Flow control Auto-negotiate

----------------------- Related Menus ----------------------------------

[A] Port addressing [V] View port statistics
[N] Next port [G] Goto port
[P] Previous port [X] Exit to Main Menu

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 Cisco Networking Academy Program

Curly
Spanning Tree Protocol

Catalyst 1900 - Bridge Group 1 Spanning Tree Configuration

Bridge ID: 8000 00-B0-64-58-DC-00

----------------------- Information ------------------------------------

Designated root 8000 00-B0-64-26-6D-00
Number of member ports 27 Root port 1
Max age (sec) 20 Root path cost 100
Forward Delay (sec) 15 Hello time (sec) 2
Topology changes 0 Last TopChange 0d00h00m00s

----------------------- Settings ---------------------------------------

[S] Spanning Tree Algorithm & Protocol Enabled
[B] Bridge priority 32768 (8000 hex)
[M] Max age when operating as root 20 second(s)
[H] Hello time when operating as root 2 second(s)
[F] Forward delay when operating as root 15 second(s)

----------------------- Actions ----------------------------------------

[N] Next bridge group [G] Goto bridge group
[P] Previous bridge group [X] Exit to previous menu

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Curly- Port 1

Catalyst 1900 - Port 1 Configuration

Built-in 10Base-T
802.1d STP State: Forwarding Forward Transitions: 1

----------------------- Settings ---------------------------------------

[D] Description/name of port
[S] Status of port Enabled
[F] Full duplex Disabled
[I] Port priority (spanning tree) 128 (80 hex)
[C] Path cost (spanning tree) 100
[H] Port fast mode (spanning tree) Enabled

----------------------- Related Menus ----------------------------------

[A] Port addressing [V] View port statistics
[N] Next port [G] Goto port
[P] Previous port [X] Exit to Main Menu

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol
Curly- Port A
Catalyst 1900 - Port A Configuration

Built-in 100Base-TX
802.1d STP State: Blocking Forward Transitions: 0
Auto-negotiation status: Auto-negotiate

----------------------- Settings ---------------------------------------

[D] Description/name of port
[S] Status of port Suspended-no-linkbeat
[I] Port priority (spanning tree) 128 (80 hex)
[C] Path cost (spanning tree) 10
[H] Port fast mode (spanning tree) Disabled
[E] Enhanced congestion control Disabled
[F] Full duplex / Flow contro Auto-negotiate

----------------------- Related Menus ----------------------------------

[A] Port addressing [V] View port statistics
[N] Next port [G] Goto port
[P] Previous port [X] Exit to Main Menu

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000

 Cisco Networking Academy Program
Spanning Tree Protocol

The Spanning Tree Algorhyme

by Radia Perlman

I think that I shall never see First , the root must be selected.
A graph more lovely than a tree. By ID, it is elected.

A tree whose crucial property Least cost paths from root are traced.
Is loop-free connectivity. In the tree, these paths are placed.

A tree that must be sure to span. A mesh is made by folks like me,
So packets can reach every LAN. Then bridges find a spanning tree.

Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000