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    Group 17 Whole

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    Shafeeqah Fadzil
    Group 17 elements are the halogens - fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. [1] They have high electronegativity and exist as diatomic molecules, with physical and chemical properties dependent on their electron configuration and increasing atomic size down the group. [2] Reactivity decreases down the group due to weaker attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons. [3] Halogens react predictably with water, metals and sodium hydroxide, gaining one electron to achieve stable octet configurations.

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    Group 17 Whole

    Uploaded by

    Shafeeqah Fadzil
    60 views22 pages
    Group 17 elements are the halogens - fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. [1] They have high electronegativity and exist as diatomic molecules, with physical and chemical properties dependent on their electron configuration and increasing atomic size down the group. [2] Reactivity decreases down the group due to weaker attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons. [3] Halogens react predictably with water, metals and sodium hydroxide, gaining one electron to achieve stable octet configurations.

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    Group 17 element

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    Group 17 elements are the halogens - fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. [1] They have high electronegativity and exist as diatomic molecules, with physical and chemical properties dependent on their electron configuration and increasing atomic size down the group. [2] Reactivity decreases down the group due to weaker attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons. [3] Halogens react predictably with water, metals and sodium hydroxide, gaining one electron to achieve stable octet configurations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    60 views22 pages

    Group 17 Whole

    Uploaded by

    Shafeeqah Fadzil
    Group 17 elements are the halogens - fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. [1] They have high electronegativity and exist as diatomic molecules, with physical and chemical properties dependent on their electron configuration and increasing atomic size down the group. [2] Reactivity decreases down the group due to weaker attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons. [3] Halogens react predictably with water, metals and sodium hydroxide, gaining one electron to achieve stable octet configurations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Chapter 4 :

    Periodic Table
    GROUP 17 ELEMENTS
    Group 17 Elements ( Halogen )
    ELEMENTS ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT PHYSICAL STATE AND
    COLOUR
    Fluorine, F 2.7 Pale-yellow gas
    Chlorine, Cl 2.8.7 Greenish-yellow gas
    Bromine, Br 2.8.18.7 Reddish-brown liquid
    Iodine, I 2.8.18.18.7 Purplish-black solid
    Astatine, At 2.8.18.32.18.7 Black solid
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

    ~ High electronegativity
    ~ Low melting points and boiling points
    ~ Exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature
    ~ Low densities
    ~ Poor conductors of heat and electricity
    Physical Properties of
    Electronegativity-the ability of the nucleus of atom to attract
    electrons
    Electronegativity decreases down the group and the reason is
    -Atomic size increases down the group
    -Forces of Attraction between nucleus and valence electron becomes
    weaker
    -Strength of the nucleus to attract electron decreases
    Melting Point and Boiling Point
    m.p and b.p increases down the group because
    -when going down the group, size of halogen molecule increases
    -Van Der Waal forces of attraction between molecules become
    stronger
    -More heat energy is need to overcome the forces of attraction
    General Chemical Properties of Halogens
    7
    All element in group 17 have valence electron. Thus, they all have
    same chemical properties
    During chemical reaction, all halogens receive 1 electron to
    achieve stable electron arrangement
    F + e F
    Cl + e Cl
    Br + e Br
    Reactivity when going down the group decreases because atomic
    size increases down the group, forces of attraction between nucleus
    and valence electron becomes weaker. Thus, the strength of the
    nucleus to attract electron decreases.
    CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
    G ro u p 1 7 e le m e n t s re a c t w it h :
    REACTANTS TO PRODUCE PRODUCTS
    Wa t e r Ac ids
    Me t a ls Me t a l h a lide s
    So diu m h ydro xide Sa lt s & w a t e r
    ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS

    Halogens

    During chemical reactions,


    All halogens have 7 their atoms always gain one
    valence electrons. electron to achieve a stable
    octet electron arrangement.

    When going down


    Group 17, the atomic
    size of the halogens
    increases.
    Electron arrangement
    Halogen Electron arrangement
    Fluorine 2.7
    Chlorine 2.8.7
    Bromine 2.8.18.7
    Iodine 2.8.18.18.7
    Astatine 2.8.18.32.18.7
    Reactivity Of Group 17 Elements

    AS WE GO DOWN THE GROUP THEYRE


    REACTIVITY DECREASES.

    What is the PROOF???


    3 Experiments (Reactions)

    With water (H2O)


    With hot iron (Fe)
    With sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH)
    With Water
    Halogens react with water to produce 2 types of acids, HX AND
    HOX.
    General FORMULA : X2 + H2O HX + HOX
    Halogen Observation
    Solubility Effect on blue litmus paper
    Chlorine Greenish-yellow gas dissolved quickly to form a pale yellow solution Turned red and then bleached
    Bromine Reddish-brown liquid dissolved slowly to form a brown solution Turned red and then bleached slowly
    Iodine Purplish-black solid dissolved very slowly to form a pale brown solution Turned red
    Example :
    Cl2 + H20 HCl + HOCl
    HCl is hydrochloric acid
    HOCl is hypochlorous acid
    With Hot Iron
    Halogens in gaseous state react with hot iron to form brown
    solids, iron(III) halides, FeX3
    General FORMULA : 3X2 + 2Fe 2FeX3
    Halogen Observation
    Chlorine Iron wool burns brightly with a bright flame and a brown solid is formed
    Bromine Iron wool gives a bright glow and a brown solid is formed
    Iodine Iron wool glowed dimly and slowly and a brown solid is formed
    Example :
    3Cl2 + 2Fe 2FeCl3
    FeCl3 is iron(III) chloride
    With NaOH
    Halogens react with sodium hydroxide solution to produce 2
    sodium salts and water.
    General FORMULA :
    X2 + 2NaOH NaX + NaOX + H2O
    Halogen Observation
    Chlorine Greenish-yellow gas dissolved quickly to form a pale yellow solution
    Bromine Reddish-brown liquid dissolved slowly to form a colourless solution
    Iodine Purplish-black solid dissolved very slowly to form a colourless solution
    Example :
    Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaOCl + H2O
    NaOH is sodium hydroxide solution
    NaCl is sodium chloride
    NaOCl is sodium hypochlorite
    Predict the properties of astatine
    Astatine is expected to react with
    water, iron and sodium hydroxide
    solution in the similar way as iodine
    but these reactions are less
    reactive than iodine
    At2 + H2O HAt + HOAt
    2Fe + 3Al2 2FeAt2
    At2 + 2NaOH NaAt + NaOAt + H20
    Safety precautions in handling Group 17 Elements
    Fluorine is poison and highly reactive gas
    Astatine is radioactive
    Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine vapour are poisonous and harmful to
    the respiratory system
    While handling halogens :
    I. Wear safety gloves and goggles
    II.Handle halogens in a fume chamber
    Thank you.

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