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Machine Elements 1 - Definition of Terms

The document discusses the science of mechanism including pure mechanism, constructive mechanism, and various machine components like frames, particles, rigid bodies, links, bearings, cranks, levers, keys, and different types of linkages and mechanisms. It also describes the differences between a crank and a link and defines components like sliders and the slider-crank mechanism.

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RayMarJayNaldPedrosa
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4K views7 pages

Machine Elements 1 - Definition of Terms

The document discusses the science of mechanism including pure mechanism, constructive mechanism, and various machine components like frames, particles, rigid bodies, links, bearings, cranks, levers, keys, and different types of linkages and mechanisms. It also describes the differences between a crank and a link and defines components like sliders and the slider-crank mechanism.

Uploaded by

RayMarJayNaldPedrosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science of Mechanism

1. Pure Mechanism or Kinematics of Machine


- treats of the motion and forms of the parts of a machine, and the manner of supporting and guiding them,
independent of their strength.

2. Constructive Mechanism or Machine Design


- involves the calculation of the forces acting on different parts of the machine; the selection of materials on the basis
of strength, durability, and other physical properties in order to withstand these forces, the convenience for repairs and
facilities for manufacture also being taken into consideration.

Machine
- is a combination of resistant bodies so arranged that by their means of mechanical forces of nature can be compelled
to produce some effect of work accompanied with certain determinate motion.
- an assemblage of parts interposed between the source of power and the work, for the purpose of adapting the one to
the other. Each of the pieces in a machine either moves or helps to guide some of the other pieces in their motion.
Cranks, levers, bearings, journals, shafts, crossheads, cams, gears, screws, ropes, chains, belts, pulleys, wheels, keys,
collars, cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, are forms of the parts which may be found in a machine.

Structure
- is a combination of resistant bodies capable of transmitting forces or carrying loads but having no relative motion
between parts. An example of a structure is a frame of a machine consisting of several parts.
Mechanism
- is a combination of rigid bodies so arranged that the motion of one compels the motion of the others, according to the
law depending on the nature of the combination
Frame
- a structure that supports the moving parts and regulates the path, or kind of motion, of many of the parts. It may be
either fixed to the earth or moving relative to the earth, as for an automobile.
Particle
- is an infinitesimal part of a body and may be represented on a drawing by a point
Rigid Body
- one whose component particles remain at a constant distance from one another
Link
- a rigid piece or non-elastic substance which serves to transmit force from one piece to another or to cause or control
motion
Band
- term used for an intermediate connector that is flexible and is only capable of transmitting a pull

Bearings
- surface of contact between two pieces that have relative motion, one of which supports or partially supports the other

3 Classes of Bearing According to Motion


1. For straight translation, the bearings must have plane or cylindrical surfaces, cylindrical being understood it its most
general sense. If one piece if fixed, the surfaces of the moving pieces are called slides; those of the fixed pieces will
be guides.
2. For rotation or turning, the bearings must have surfaces of circular cylinders, cones, conoids, or flat disks. The surface
of the solid or full piece is called a journal, neck, spindle or pivot; that of the hollow or open piece, a bearing,
gudgeon, pedestal, plumber block, pillow block, bush or step.

3. For translation and rotation combined (helical motion), they must have a helical or screw shape. Here, the full piece is
called a screw and the open piece a nut.

Crank
- an arm rotating or oscillating about an axis
Lever
- this name is applied to a combination of cranks that are on the same axis and are rigidly connected to each other
Collar
- a section of a shaft or rod having a locally increased diameter to provide a bearing seat or a locating ring
Key
- a machine element used to connect a rotating machine element to a shaft. It prevents relative rotation between the
two parts and may enable torque transmission
Keyway
- groove on a shaft where the key will pass/seat during assembly
Bell Crank Lever
- levers with less than 90o arm angle
Rocker
- levers with more than 90o arm angle
Linkage
- consists of a number of pairs of elements connected by links.

Kinematic Chain
- combination of linkages such that the relative motion of the links is possible, and the motion of each piece relative to
the others is definite
Mechanism
- term applied to a kinematic chain when one of the links will be fixed

Four Bar Linkage


- also called as four-bar, is the simplest movable closed chain linkage. It consists of four bodies, called bars or links,
connected in a loop by four joints.
Difference between a Crank and a Link
A link connected to a ground is called a crank. The link that connects two crank is called a floating link,
coupler or connecting rod.

Slider
- a link connected to the ground by a prismatic joint. They are sometimes considered to be crank that have a hinged pivot at an
extremely long distance away perpendicular to the travel of the slider
*** Any mechanism may be resolved into an elementary
four-bar linkage consisting of 2 cranks, a connecting rod,
and a line of centers.

Line of centers
Line of centers
Connecting Rod

Finite Crank Infinite Crank

Line of centers
Slider-crank mechanism
- a special form of four-bar linkage where the centerline of
the slot passes through the axis of the shaft. This is the
mechanism formed by the crankshaft, crank, connecting
rod, crosshead and crosshead guides of the reciprocating
steam engine, reciprocating pump and reciprocating air
compressor or the crank, connecting rod, piston and
cylinder of an internal combustion engine

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