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Back

The back consists of the posterior aspect of the body and provides the musculoskeletal axis of support for the trunk. It has functions of support, movement, and protection. The key components of the back include 33 vertebrae, muscles, a vertebral canal containing the spinal cord and nerves, and joints. A typical vertebra consists of a vertebral body, arch, processes, and articular facets that vary depending on location in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions.

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2K views22 pages

Back

The back consists of the posterior aspect of the body and provides the musculoskeletal axis of support for the trunk. It has functions of support, movement, and protection. The key components of the back include 33 vertebrae, muscles, a vertebral canal containing the spinal cord and nerves, and joints. A typical vertebra consists of a vertebral body, arch, processes, and articular facets that vary depending on location in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions.

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api-324160601
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© © All Rights Reserved
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BACK

REGIONAL ANATOMY
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION

The back consists of


the posterior aspect
of the body and
provides the
musculoskeletal axis
of support for the
trunk.
FUNCTIONS
Support | Movement | Protection
SUPPORT
TRANSMIT > Pelvis > Lower Limbs
CARRY > Head
BRACE & MANEUVER > Upper Limbs
MOVEMENT
EXTRINSIC MUSCLES
> Upper Limbs & Ribs

INTRINSIC MUSCLES
> Maintain Posture
> Move the Vertebral Column
PROTECTION
1. Spinal Cord
2. Proximal Spinal Nerves
COMPONENT PARTS
1. Bones
2. Muscles
3. Vertebral Canal
4. Spinal Nerves
5. Joints
6. Ligaments
BONES
> 33 Vertebrae
+ 7 Cervical
+ 12 Thoracic
+ 5 Lumbar
+ 5 Sacral
+ 3 4 Coccygeal
TYPICAL VERTEBRA
1. Vertebral Body
2. Vertebral Arch
3. Spinous Process
4. Transverse Process
5. Articular Process (S & I)
6. Rib Elements
VERTEBRAL BODY
> The vertebral body is
anterior and is the major
weight bearing component
of the bone.
VERTEBRAL ARCH
> The vertebral arch is
firmly anchored to the
posterior surface of the
vertebral body by two pedicles,
which form the lateral pillars of
the vertebral arch.
SPINOUS PROCESS
> A spinous process
projects posteriorly and
generally inferiorly from
the roof of the vertebral arch.
TRANSVERSE PROCESS
> On each side of the
vertebral arch, a transverse
process extends laterally
from the region where a
lamina meets a pedicle.
ARTICULAR PROCESS (S & I)
> From the same region,
a superior articular process
and an inferior articular
process articulate with
similar processes on
adjacent vertebrae.
RIB ELEMENTS
> In the thorax, these
costal elements are large
and form ribs, which
articulate with the
vertebral bodies and
transverse processes.
CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
> Short in Height
> Concave Superior
> Convex Inferior
> Triangular Vertebral Foramen
C01: Atlas
> Articulates with Head
> No Vertebral Body
> No Intervertebral Disc
> Atlanto Occipital Joint
C01: Atlas
C02: Axis
> Contains the dens
VERTEBRAL CANAL
> A bony canal formed
by adjacent vertebrae
and soft tissue where
the spinal cord lies
SPINAL NERVES
> 31 Pairs
+ 8 Cervical
+ 12 Thoracic
+ 5 Lumbar
+ 5 Sacral
+ 1 Coccygeal
SPINAL NERVES
> Posterior and
Anterior Root
> Posterior and
Anterior Ramus

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