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Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) : Presented by Sudhananda Sahu Electronics and Telecommunication Branch

CDMA is a digital cellular technology that allows multiple users to access the same radio channel simultaneously through spread spectrum technology and coding. It works by spreading each user's signal across the entire available bandwidth, and isolating users from each other through unique coding. This allows CDMA networks to have higher capacity and reuse frequencies more efficiently than other technologies like GSM. CDMA provides advantages like greater coverage, higher capacity, better quality of service, and more effective power control compared to earlier cellular standards.

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54 views18 pages

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) : Presented by Sudhananda Sahu Electronics and Telecommunication Branch

CDMA is a digital cellular technology that allows multiple users to access the same radio channel simultaneously through spread spectrum technology and coding. It works by spreading each user's signal across the entire available bandwidth, and isolating users from each other through unique coding. This allows CDMA networks to have higher capacity and reuse frequencies more efficiently than other technologies like GSM. CDMA provides advantages like greater coverage, higher capacity, better quality of service, and more effective power control compared to earlier cellular standards.

Uploaded by

sudhanandasahu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

(CDMA)

PRESENTED BY
SUDHANANDA SAHU
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION BRANCH
0701214167
Contents:
 Introduction
 Meaning
 What is CDMA technology ?
 Why CDMA ?
 Working of CDMA technology
 CDMA vs. GSM
 CDMA pie chart
 Evolution of cellular systems
 Conclusion
Introduction:

 Code Division Multiple Access, a cellular


technology originally known as IS-95, competes
with GSM technology for dominance in the
cellular world. There are now different variations,
but the original CDMA is now known as
cdmaOne.
 Developed originally by Qualcomm and enhanced
by Ericsson, CDMA is characterized by high
capacity and small cell radius, employing spread-
spectrum technology and a special coding scheme.
Meaning:

 CDMA stands for code division multiple access.


 It means that, it is a digital wireless transmission
technology that allows for a large amount of users
to access to a single radio channel through which
we can send voice ,data, and signaling data
between mobile telephones.
 CDMA is most broadly used by the protocol IS-95.
What is CDMA technology? :
 a spread spectrum
technology.

each user occupies the


entire available bandwidth
with variable data rate.

 There is no restriction on
time and frequency in this
scheme.
All the users can transmit
at all times and at all
frequencies. Because users
are isolated by code, they can
share the same carrier
frequency, eliminating the
frequency reuse problem
encountered in other
technologies.
Spread spectrum technology:
Spread Spectrum is a means
of transmission in which the
data sequence occupies a
bandwidth in excess of the
minimum bandwidth
necessary to send it.

Signal spreading is done


before transmission by
using a spreading sequence.

 The same sequence is used


at the receiver to retrieve
the signal.

Spread Spectrum is most


effective against interference
with fixed energy.
Multiple access techniques:
In FDMA , each user
is allotted a different
set of frequencies to
operate .

In TDMA , each user


is allocated a different
time slot .

In CDMA , there is no


restriction on time and
frequency .
Why CDMA?:

Advantages :

 Achieve much higher channel


bandwidth efficiency for a
given wireless spectrum
allocation.

 Overcome strong Channel


interference .

Better Frequency reuse


planning.

 fast and accurate power


control.
 rake handoff.
Greater coverage and more
capacity.
Cost effective hence more
Customer satisfaction.
Frequency reusability planning :
FDMA & TDMA: CDMA:
cells using the same frequency must be Adjacent cells can transmit at the same
separated by an appropriate distance. frequency because users are separated by
code channels, not frequency channels.
Power control:
The CDMA network independently controls the power at which each
mobile transmits.
handoff:
Handoff is the process of transferring a call from one cell to another.
This is necessary to continue the call as the phone travels.
Working of CDMA technology:
All of the users
transmit in the same
wide-band chunk of
spectrum. Each user's
signal is spread over the
entire bandwidth by a
unique spreading code.

At the receiver, that


same unique code is
used to recover the
signal.
CDMA VS. GSM:
GSM VS. CDMA continued…
 GSM does not use any code and only needs a SIM card to
function. Whereas, in CDMA technology, a code is used to
encode the calls, which is embedded into the mobile phone itself.

 That is why, one need to buy CDMA mobile phones from the
provider itself, whereas you just need to buy GSM SIM card
from the provider.

 The advantage of CDMA is that, as the signals are coded, your


calls do not get interfered by other calls and even if the Mobile
traffic increases.
CDMA pie chart:
Evolution of Cellular Systems:
Conclusion:

 it has more systems capacity and the service quality.

 Moreover it, spread spectrum technology is both more


secure , less probable to intercept and jam, highly
private and offer higher transmission quality than
TDMA because o f its increase resistance to multipath
distortion.

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