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    Brain Tumor and Clinical Findings

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    Albert Ciam
    Brain tumors can present in different ways depending on their location. Sellar tumors typically cause neurologic symptoms like visual impairment or headache, or hormonal abnormalities. Common etiologies of sellar tumors include congenital causes, neoplasms like pituitary adenomas, vascular abnormalities like aneurysms, and infections. Pineal region tumors can cause Parinaud's syndrome, which includes upward gaze palsy and convergence-retraction nystagmus. Medulloblastomas most often occur in children in the cerebellum and can cause increased intracranial pressure, ataxia, and cranial nerve palsies. Cerebellopontine tumors commonly involve the vestibular schwannoma and may cause hearing

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    Brain Tumor and Clinical Findings

    Uploaded by

    Albert Ciam
    60 views21 pages
    Brain tumors can present in different ways depending on their location. Sellar tumors typically cause neurologic symptoms like visual impairment or headache, or hormonal abnormalities. Common etiologies of sellar tumors include congenital causes, neoplasms like pituitary adenomas, vascular abnormalities like aneurysms, and infections. Pineal region tumors can cause Parinaud's syndrome, which includes upward gaze palsy and convergence-retraction nystagmus. Medulloblastomas most often occur in children in the cerebellum and can cause increased intracranial pressure, ataxia, and cranial nerve palsies. Cerebellopontine tumors commonly involve the vestibular schwannoma and may cause hearing

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    Brain tumors can present in different ways depending on their location. Sellar tumors typically cause neurologic symptoms like visual impairment or headache, or hormonal abnormalities. Common etiologies of sellar tumors include congenital causes, neoplasms like pituitary adenomas, vascular abnormalities like aneurysms, and infections. Pineal region tumors can cause Parinaud's syndrome, which includes upward gaze palsy and convergence-retraction nystagmus. Medulloblastomas most often occur in children in the cerebellum and can cause increased intracranial pressure, ataxia, and cranial nerve palsies. Cerebellopontine tumors commonly involve the vestibular schwannoma and may cause hearing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    60 views21 pages

    Brain Tumor and Clinical Findings

    Uploaded by

    Albert Ciam
    Brain tumors can present in different ways depending on their location. Sellar tumors typically cause neurologic symptoms like visual impairment or headache, or hormonal abnormalities. Common etiologies of sellar tumors include congenital causes, neoplasms like pituitary adenomas, vascular abnormalities like aneurysms, and infections. Pineal region tumors can cause Parinaud's syndrome, which includes upward gaze palsy and convergence-retraction nystagmus. Medulloblastomas most often occur in children in the cerebellum and can cause increased intracranial pressure, ataxia, and cranial nerve palsies. Cerebellopontine tumors commonly involve the vestibular schwannoma and may cause hearing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Brain Tumor and Clinical

    Findings
    Sellar Tumour
    INTRODUCTION
    Sellar masses typically
    present in one or more ways:
    With neurologic symptoms,
    such as visual impairment or
    headache
    With hormonal abnormalities
    Etiology
    Congenital
    Ratche cleft cyst
    Neoplasma
    Craniopharingioma
    Pituitary Adenoma
    Vascular
    aneurysms
    Infection
    Pituitary abscess
    Pineal Regio Tumour
    Parinaud's Syndrome
    1.Paralysis of upgaze: Downward gaze is usually preserved.
    2.Pseudo-Argyll Robertson Pupils: Accommodative paresis ensues, and pupils become mid-dilated and
    show light-near dissociation.
    3.Convergence-Retraction nystagmus: Attempts at upward gaze often produce this phenomenon. On fast
    up-gaze, the eyes pull in and the globes retract.
    4.Conjugate down gaze in the primary position: "setting-sun sign".
    Medulloblastoma
    most common type of pediatric malignant primary brain tumor
    (cancer)
    originating in the part of the brain that is towards the back and the
    bottom, on the floor of the skull, in the cerebellum or posterior fossa.
    By far, the cerebellum is the most common location for
    medulloblastomas (94.4% of cases in the SEER study), and most
    (>75%) of these arise in the midline cerebellar vermis (1,2). More
    lateral locations within the cerebellar hemisphere are typical when
    these tumors manifest in older children, adolescents, and adults
    Clinical findings:

    ICP due to secondary hydrocephalus


    Truncal ataxia
    One-third of patients have positive Babinski and Hoffmann signs
    Abducens nerve palsy, resulting from compression of the relatively exposed
    nucleus of the sixth cranial nerve along the anterior margin of the fourth
    ventricle, is also a common manifestation of the extraventricular tumor
    extension
    Cerbello pontine Tumour
    the most common neoplasms in the posterior fossa (5-10% )of
    intracranial tumors.
    Most are benign, 85% being vestibular schwannomas (acoustic
    neuromas), lipomas, vascular malformations, and hemangiomas.
    The most frequent nonacoustic CPA tumors are meningiomas,
    epidermoids (primary cholesteatomas), and facial or lower cranial
    nerve schwannomas.
    Primary malignancies or metastatic lesions account for less than 2% of
    neoplasms in the CPA.
    Cerebello Pontine
    Cerbello pontine Tumour
    Meningioma
    Trigeminal or facial nerve symptoms are likely to occur earlier than hearing
    loss.
    Patients with larger tumors can present with obstructive hydrocephalus
    and/or symptoms of brainstem compression.
    Epidermoid
    These can become quite large without symptoms.
    Facial twitching (hemifacial spasm) and progressive facial paralysis is more
    prominent than with other tumors in the CPA.
    Patients may present with cranial nerve or cerebellar dysfunction that
    develops over a number of years.
    Facial nerve schwannoma
    Clinical findings depend on the portion of the nerve affected by the
    neoplasm.
    Patients can present with conductive hearing loss from middle ear
    involvement, parotid mass from extratemporal involvement, or
    sensorineural loss from internal auditory canal (IAC) or CPA involvement.
    CPA lesions do not cause facial weakness until tumor is very large
    (hemangiomas of the facial nerve usually cause symptoms at an earlier
    stage).
    Hemifacial spasm is relatively common.
    Lower cranial nerve schwannoma
    Patients may have weakness and hypesthesia of the palate, vocal cord, and
    shoulder (cranial nerves [CN] IX, X, XI) or hemiatrophy of the tongue (CN
    XII).
    Large tumors may cause deficits of all the lower cranial nerves

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