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Distributed Database System

This document provides definitions and discusses concepts related to distributed database systems and distributed database management systems. It defines a distributed database as a collection of multiple logically interrelated databases distributed over a computer network. It also defines a distributed database management system as software that manages a distributed database while making the distribution transparent to users.

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Vishnu Lepakshi
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
74 views

Distributed Database System

This document provides definitions and discusses concepts related to distributed database systems and distributed database management systems. It defines a distributed database as a collection of multiple logically interrelated databases distributed over a computer network. It also defines a distributed database management system as software that manages a distributed database while making the distribution transparent to users.

Uploaded by

Vishnu Lepakshi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DISTRIBUTED

DATABASE SYSTEM

Under the guidance of


Mr. Anisur Rehman

1
DEFINITIONS
Distributed Database – a collection of of
multiple logically interrelated databases
distributed over a computer network
Distributed Database Management
System – A software system that
manages a distributed database while
making he distribution transparent to the
user.

Alimpan Basu CS200119300 2


DEFINITIONS
 It is the software
system that permits Site 1
the management of Site 2
Site 5
the DDBS and makes Communication

the distribution Network

transparent to the
users. Site 4 Site 3

Alimpan Basu CS200119300 3


T0 O M
- autonomous
reliable service
M

T1- db back bone T3/4


- all data replicated
T2 - local db cache
-subset data
O - reliable service
-only local service

O M
Oracle Streams
Cross vendor extract
MySQL Files
Proxy Cache
Alimpan Basu CS200119300 4
Motivations for Distributed DBs
 No centralized point of failure.
 Local Autonomy.
 There’s a whole lot of data out there to store.
 Replication of Data for Disaster Recovery and
High Availability (think RAID on a network)
 High-throughput query processing (either inter-
query or intra-query parallelism), dynamic load-
balancing,

Alimpan Basu CS200119300 5


PROBLEM AREAS
 Directory
Management
Directory
 Distributed DB Design managemen
t

 Concurrency Control Query


Processing
Distributed
DB Design
Reliability

 Deadlock Concurrency
Management Control

 Query Processing Deadlock


Managemen
 Reliability t

Alimpan Basu CS200119300 6


DISTRIBUTED DBMS
ARCHITECTURE

 CLIENT/SERVER
SYSTEMS :
 The simplest is the
case where there is
only one server which
is accessed by
multiple clients.

Alimpan Basu CS200119300 7


Use
r

User Interface External


Handler Schema

Global
Semantic Data
Conceptual
Controller Schema
Interface
Handler
Global Query
Optimizer
Controller
GD/
Interface D
Global
Handler
Execution
Monitor

Local Query Local


Conceptual
Processor Schema

Local Recovery System


Manager Log

Runtime Support Local Internal


Schema
Processor

Alimpan Basu CS200119300 8


DISTRIBUTED DATABASE
DESIGN
 TOP-DOWN DESIGN PROCESS :The
activity begins with a requirement analysis
that defines the environment of the system
and “elicits both the data and processing
needs of all potential database users”.
 There is a relationship between the
conceptual design and the view design.

Alimpan Basu CS200119300 9


DISTRIBUTED DATABASE
DESIGN
 BOTTOM-UP DESIGN PROCESS : A
number of database already exist, and the
design task involves integrating them into
one data base

Alimpan Basu CS200119300 10


FRAGMENTATION
 Why fragment at all?
 How should we fragment?
 How much should we fragment?
 How should we allocate?
 What is the necessary information for
fragmentation and allocation?

Alimpan Basu CS200119300 11


FRAGMENTATION TYPES
 HORIZONTAL FRAGMENTATION :There are
two versions of horizontal partitioning, primary
and derived.
 Store Whole Tuples on Different machines. Nice
because we can use standard relational algebra
statements to define a restriction on a relation
that creates these:
”newyork” (City)
 “chicago” (City)

Alimpan Basu CS200119300 12


FRAGMENTATION TYPES
 VERTICAL FRAGMENTATION : Vertical
fragmentation has been investigated within the
context of centralized database systems as well
as distributed ones.
 Store Different Fields of the same tuples on
Different machines.
Use Projection Op to declare these:
 (Acct #, Branch, Client Name Account)
 (Acct #, Balance Account)
Alimpan Basu CS200119300 13
DRAWBACKS OF DDBs:
 Security
 Increased complexity of Database Design
 Increased complexity of Software
 Data integrity and resolution of concurrent
operations.
 Cost

Alimpan Basu CS200119300 14


Alimpan Basu CS200119300 15

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