Scribd
Upload
61 views22 pages

33-OODB Query Lang

The document discusses object-oriented databases and SQL3. It defines objects and their characteristics. It describes object structures using type constructors. It discusses object-oriented concepts like encapsulation and inheritance. An OODB incorporates these concepts and supports unique identifiers and persistent objects. OQL is introduced as a declarative query language similar to SQL. SQL3 adds object-oriented features like user-defined types and methods to the relational model.

Uploaded by

suganya004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
61 views22 pages

33-OODB Query Lang

The document discusses object-oriented databases and SQL3. It defines objects and their characteristics. It describes object structures using type constructors. It discusses object-oriented concepts like encapsulation and inheritance. An OODB incorporates these concepts and supports unique identifiers and persistent objects. OQL is introduced as a declarative query language similar to SQL. SQL3 adds object-oriented features like user-defined types and methods to the relational model.

Uploaded by

suganya004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Object Oriented Database

Outline

Object definitions
Object Structures
Object-oriented concepts
OODBS
OQL with an example
SQL3 with examples
Definition of an object
Objects User defined complex data types
An object has structure or state (variables) and methods
(behavior/operations)

An object is described by four characteristics


Identifier: a system-wide unique id for an object
Name: an object may also have a unique name in DB (optional)
Lifetime: determines if the object is persistent or transient
Structure: Construction of objects using type constructors
Object Structure
The state (current value) of a complex object may be
constructed from other objects (or other values) by
using certain type constructors
Can be represented by (i,c,v)
i is an unique id
c is a type constructor
v is the object state
Constructors
Basic types: atom, tuple and set
Collection type: list, bag and array
Object-Oriented Concepts
Abstract Data Types
Class definition, provides extension to complex
attribute types
Encapsulation
Implementation of operations and object structure
hidden
Inheritance
Sharing of data within hierarchy scope, supports
code reusability
Polymorphism
Operator overloading
What is Object Oriented
Database? (OODB)
A database system that incorporates all
the important object-oriented concepts
Some additional features
Unique Object identifiers
Persistent object handling
Advantages of OODBS
Designer can specify the structure of
objects and their behavior (methods)
Better interaction with object-oriented
languages such as Java and C++
Definition of complex and user-defined
types
Encapsulation of operations and user-
defined methods
Object Query Language (OQL)

Declarative query language


Not computationally complete
Syntax based on SQL (select, from,
where)
Additional flexibility (queries with user
defined operators and types)
Example of OQL query
The following is a sample query
what are the names of the black product?

Select distinct p.name


From products p
Where p.color = black
Valid in both SQL and OQL, but results are
different.
Result of the query (SQL)
Original table

Product no Name Color


P1 Ford Mustang Black
P2 Toyota Celica Green
P3 Mercedes SLK Black
Result
- The statement queries a relational
Name database.
Ford Mustang => Returns a table with rows.
Mercedes SLK
Result of the query (OQL)
Original table
Product no Name Color
P1 Ford Mustang Black
P2 Toyota Celica Green
P3 Mercedes SLK Black

Result - The statement


queries a object-
String String
oriented database
Ford Mustang Mercedes SLK
=> Returns a
collection of objects.
Comparison
Queries look very similar in SQL and OQL,
sometimes they are the same
In fact, the results they give are very
different

Query returns:
OQL SQL
Object Tuple
Collection of objects Table
SQL3 Object-oriented SQL
Foundation for several OO database
management systems ORACLE8, DB2, etc
New features relational & Object oriented
Relational Features new data types, new
predicates, enhanced semantics, additional
security and an active database
Object Oriented Features support for
functions and procedures
User defined Data Types
Creating a row type
Example:
create row type AddressType(
street char(50),
city char(20));

create row type StarType(


name char(30),
address AddressType);
Creating Data Types (contd.)
Creating Table

create table Address of type AddressType;

create table MovieStar of type StarType;

Instances of Row types are tuples in tables


Sample Query
Find the names and street addresses of those
MovieStars who stay in the city Columbus:

select MovieStar.name,
MovieStar.address.street
from MovieStar
where MovieStar.address.city = Columbus;
Complex Data and Queries
A Water Resource Management example
A database of state wide water projects

Includes a library of picture slides

Indexing according to predefined concepts


prohibitively expensive
Type of queries

Geographic locations
Reservoir levels during droughts
Recent flood conditions, etc
Complex Data and Queries
(contd.)
Addressing these queries
Linking this database to landmarks on a
topographic map
Examining the captions for each slide
Implementing image-understanding
programs
Inspecting images and ascertaining
attributes
These type of queries necessitate
dedicated methods
Creating Functions
create function one() returns int4
as select 1 as RESULT'
language 'sql';

answer
select one() as answer;
1
Creating tables with
methods
Implementation
create table slides (
id int,
date date,
caption document,
picture CD_image,
method containsName
(name varchar)
returns boolean
as external name matching
language C );
Creating Tables (Contd.)

create table landmarks(


name varchar (30),
location point);
Implementation (contd.)
Sample query find a picture of a reservoir with
low water level which is in Sacramento
select P.id
from slides P, landmarks L
where IsLowWaterLevel (P.picture) and
P.containsName (L.name) and
L.name = Sacramento;

You might also like