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Stepper Motor

s motor

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179 views35 pages

Stepper Motor

s motor

Uploaded by

gana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applied Control

Systems
Stepper Motors
Stepper Motor / Electro magnet
Rotor

Stator
Outside Casing

Coils Stator

Rotor
1

2 2

S
Internal components of a Stepper Motor
1
Cross Section of a Stepper Motor

1 Stators
S
N

2 2

S
N
1
Rotor
Full Step Operation

Four Steps per revolution i.e. 90 deg. steps.


Half Step Operation

Eight steps per. revolution i.e. 45 deg. steps.


Winding number 1
1

a b
1
N
One
6 pole rotor S step
N N
2 2
S S
N
Winding number 2 S
1
a b

2
Six pole rotor, two electro magnets.

How many steps are required for one complete revolution?


Practical Stepper motor operation

The top electromagnet (1) is turned on, The top electromagnet (1) is turned
attracting the nearest teeth of a gear- off, and the right electromagnet (2) is
shaped iron rotor. With the teeth aligned energized, pulling the nearest teeth
to electromagnet 1, they will be slightly slightly to the right. This results in a
offset from electromagnet 2 rotation of 3.6 in this example.
The bottom electromagnet (3) is The left electromagnet (4) is enabled,
energized; another 3.6 rotation rotating again by 3.6. When the top
occurs. electromagnet (1) is again enabled, the
teeth in the sprocket will have rotated by
one tooth position; since there are 25 teeth,
it will take 100 steps to make a full rotation
in this example.
Stepper motor applications

Stepping Motor to move read-write head


Stepper motor applications

Paper feeder on printers

Stepper motors

CNC lathes
Stator coils

Rotor
CNC
CNCStepping
SteppingMotor
Motor
Advantages / Disadvantages
Advantages:-
Low cost for control achieved
Ruggedness
Simplicity of construction
Can operate in an open loop control system
Low maintenance
Less likely to stall or slip
Will work in any environment

Disadvantages:-
Require a dedicated control circuit
Use more current than D.C. motors
High torque output achieved at low speeds
Control sequence to turn a stepper motor
+

Step 1 0 0 1 1
CW CCW
Step 2 1 0 1 0
Step 3 1 1 0 0
Step 4 0 1 0 1
Servo Motor Detail

Actuator

Reduction gear

Position feedback
Potentiometer
+ 5V (closed loop system)

Small electric DC motor


Servo Motor Detail
A servomotor is a rotary actuator that allows for
precise control of angular position. It consists of
a motor coupled to a sensor for position
feedback, through a reduction gearbox. It also
requires a relatively sophisticated controller,
often a dedicated module designed specifically
for use with servomotors

Servomotors are used in applications such


as robotics, CNC machinery or automated
manufacturing.
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School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


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School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


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School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


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School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


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School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


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Characteristics:
No commutator
Applications:
CD/DVD players
Computer hard disc drives
Small cooling fans in electronic equipment
Electric vehicles

School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


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School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


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School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


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School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


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School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


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Characteristics:
No commutator
Applications:
Washing machines
Control rod drive mechanisms of nuclear
reactors

School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


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Types:
Variable reluctance
Permanent magnet
Hybrid
School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


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Characteristics:
No commutator
Applications:
Motion control positioning system
Linear actuators
Mirror mounts
Floppy disk drives
Scanners
Computer printers
Plotters
CD drives etc
School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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Applications:
Hysteresis motors are used where precise
constant speed is required

School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


Linear induction motor
A linear induction motor (LIM) is an AC asynchronous linear
motor that works by the same general principles as
other induction motors but is very typically designed to directly
produce motion in a straight line.

Working principle
In this design of electric motor, the force is produced by a
moving linear magnetic field acting on conductors in the field.
Any conductor, be it a loop, a coil or simply a piece of plate
metal, that is placed in this field will have eddy currents
induced in it thus creating an opposing magnetic field, in
accordance with Lenz's law. The two opposing fields will repel
each other, thus creating motion as the magnetic field sweeps
through the metal
Linear induction motor
Induction generator
An induction generator or asynchronous
generator is a type of AC electrical
generator that uses the principles
of induction motors to produce power.
Induction generators operate by
mechanically turning their rotor faster than
the synchronous speed, giving negative
slip.
Induction generators are useful in
applications such as mini-hydro power
plants, wind turbines

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