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Wind Loading

The document discusses wind loading standards and calculations for building design. It covers two main standards: CP3 Chapter V Part 2 which uses 3 second gust wind speeds, and BS 6399-2:1997 which uses hourly mean wind speeds. The BS standard provides methods to calculate the site wind speed factoring in altitude, direction, season, and probability. It also outlines how to determine the effective wind speed accounting for terrain and building size. The document gives examples of calculating wind pressures, loads, and dynamic pressure based on the effective wind speed.

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296 views34 pages

Wind Loading

The document discusses wind loading standards and calculations for building design. It covers two main standards: CP3 Chapter V Part 2 which uses 3 second gust wind speeds, and BS 6399-2:1997 which uses hourly mean wind speeds. The BS standard provides methods to calculate the site wind speed factoring in altitude, direction, season, and probability. It also outlines how to determine the effective wind speed accounting for terrain and building size. The document gives examples of calculating wind pressures, loads, and dynamic pressure based on the effective wind speed.

Uploaded by

waquarshai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wind Loading

Background
Standards
Design
Wind Loading

Page 2
Wind Loading

Page 3
Wind Loading

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Wind Loading

CP3: Chapter V: Part 2

Code of basic data for the design of buildings


Chapter V . Loadings Part 2. Wind loads

BS 6399-2:1997

Loadings for buildings Part2: Code of practice


for wind loads

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Wind Loading - CP3

Wind Speed - 3 second gust

Exposure

Open Country

Open Country, scattered wind breaks

Small towns, outskirts of cities

City centres

Building Height

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Wind Loading - BS6399

Wind Speed - hourly mean

Height above sea level

Distance from sea

Exposure

Town

Country

Building height

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Wind Loading - BS6399

Standard Method

Directional Method

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Wind Loading - BS6399

Site Wind Speed

Vs = Vb x Sa x Sd x Ss x Sp

Vb Basic wind speed

Sa Altitude factor

Sd Direction factor

Ss Seasonal factor

Sp Probability factor

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

Altitude factor

Sa = 1+ 0.001x Height above sea level

If topography not significant

As a generalisation any building more than half-way up


a hill, or an on a ridge or cliff will have increase wind
loading and a more detailed calculation of Sa will be
required

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

Sd Direction factor

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Wind Loading - BS6399

Ss Seasonal factor = 1

Sp Probability factor = 1

1 in 50 years storm

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Example calculation

Vs = Vb x Sa x Sd x Ss x Sp

Sa =1.005

Sd =1

Ss = 1

Sp = 1

Vs = 16.63 x 1.01 x 1 x 1 x1 = 16.80 m/s

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Wind Loading - BS6399

Effective wind speed


Ve = Vs x Sb

Sb = Terrain & Building Factor

Site in town or country

Distance from the sea

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Building size:
Example calculation
H = 26.2 m
L = 44.3 m
Ve = Vs x Sb

Sb = 1.97 for distance 30 km from sea and He = 26.2 m

Ve = Vs x Sb = 16.80 x 1.932 = 32.5 m/s

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Wind Loading - BS6399

Dynamic Pressure

qs = 0.613 x Ve2

qs = 0.613 x (32.5)2 = 647.5 N/m2

= 0.65 kN/m2

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Wind Loading - BS6399

Pressure to structure

External pressure

pe = qs x Cpe x Ca

Cpe is the external pressure coefficient

Ca is the size effect factor = 1

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

Internal pressure

pi = qs x Cpi x Ca

Cpi is the internal pressure coefficient

Ca is the size effect factor = 1

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

Wind Loads

p = pe - pi

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Malaysia Wind Map

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Wind speed gust

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Page 34 *Sources of data: Razali, A.M et al, Mapping of Annual Extreme Wind Speed
Analysis from 12 Stations in Peninsular Malaysia

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