Universiti Tun

Hussein Onn Malaysia

Mechanical Engineering
Dynamics DDE2063
BY
En. Khairulnizam Bin Othman
 Objective

To introduce the concepts of position, displacement,

velocity, and acceleration.
To study particle motion along a straight line.
The motion equation application, concept and calculation.
 Rectilinear Kinematics
Section 12.2

Rectilinear : Straight line motion

Kinematics : Study the geometry of the motion dealing
with s, v, a.
Rectilinear Kinematics : To identify at any given instant, the
particles position, velocity, and acceleration.

(All objects such as rockets, projectiles, or vehicles will be

considered as particles has negligible size and shape

particles : has mass but negligible size and shape

 Position

Position : Location of a
particle at any given instant
with respect to the origin

r : Displacement ( Vector )
s : Distance ( Scalar )
 Distance & Displacement

N River
Displacement : defined
as the change in position.
r : Displacement ( 3 My Place
km ) 3km
X
City
s : Distance (8
km ) QUT
8 km
Total length

For straight-line
Distance = Displacement
s = r
s r

Vector is direction oriented

r positive (left )
r negative (right)
 Velocity & Speed

Velocity : Displacement per unit

time
Average velocity :
V = rt

Speed : Distance per unit time

Average speed :
spsTt (Always positive scalar )

Speed refers to the magnitude of

velocity
Average velocity :
avg = r / t
Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion
ds v =slope of s t graph
v
dt

Figure show Graph s - t for a body moving in a straight

line. Assuming that the sudden change in velocity at
time t = 5, 15, 22 s can be carried out. Draw the graph
of v-t ?.
 Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion

Answer

ds
v
dt
20 0
t 0 5s _ v 4ms 1
5
36 20
t 5 15s _ v 1.6ms 1
15 5
40 36
t 15 22 s _ v 0.6ms 1
22 15
0 40
t 22 27 s _ v 8ms 1
27 22
Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion
dv
a a =slope of v t graph
dt

Figure show Graph v - t for a body moving in a straight

line. Assuming that the sudden change in velocity at
time t = 2, 6, 10 s can be carried out. Draw the graph of
a - t ?.
 Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion

Answer

dv
a
dt
10 0
t 0 2s _ a 5ms 2
20
t 2 6s _ a 0ms 2
(10) (10)
t 6 10 s _ a 5ms 2
10 6
0 (10)
t 10 16 s _ a 1.7ms 2
16 10
Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion

v adt
Change in = Area Under
Velocity A t Graph

v adt
Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion
s vdt
Change in = Area
Under
Displacement vt
Graph

s vdt
 Velocity as a Function of Time

dv
ac
dt

dv ac dt
v t

dv a
vo 0
c dt

v v0 ac t
 Position as a Function of Time

ds
v v0 a c t
dt
s t

ds (v
so 0
0 ac t ) dt

1 2
s s0 v0t ac t
2
 velocity as a Function of Position

v dv ac ds
v s

v dv a
v0 s0
c ds

1 2 1 2
v v0 ac ( s s0 )
2 2

v v0 2 a c ( s s 0 )
2 2
 Free Fall

Ali and Omar are standing at the top of a cliff of height H. Both
throw a ball with initial speed v0, Ali straight down and Omar
straight up. The speed of the balls when they hit the ground are
vA and vO respectively. Which of the following is true:

(a) vA < vO (b) vA = vO (c) vA > vO

Ali v0 Omar
v0
H
vA vO
 Free fall

Since the motion up and back down is symmetric, intuition should tell you
that v = v0
We can prove that your intuition is correct:

Equation: v 2 v 02 2( g ) H H 0

This looks just like Omar threw

Omar the ball down with speed v0, so
v0 v = v0 the speed at the bottom should
be the same as Alis ball.
H
y=0
 Free fall

We can also just use the equation directly:

Ali : v 2 v 02 2( g ) 0 H
same !!
Omar: v 2
v 02 2 ( g ) 0 H

Ali v0 Omar
y=H
v0

y=0
 Summary

Time dependent

acceleration
Constant
acceleration
s (t )
v v0 ac t
ds
v
dt 1 2
2 s s0 v0t ac t
dv d s 2
a 2
dt dt v v 2 ac ( s s 0 )
2 2
0
a ds v dv This applies to a freely falling object:

a g 9.81 m / s 2
 Question 1
Initially, the car travels along a straight road
with a speed of 35 m/s. If the brakes are applied
and the speed of the car is reduced to 10 m/s in
15 s, determine the constant deceleration of the
car.

v v0 ac t v u at
 Quiz 1
Initially, the car travels along a
straight road with a speed of 60 m/s.
If the brakes are applied and the
speed of the car is reduced to 25 m/s
in 20 s, determine the constant
deceleration of the car.
 Question 2
A truck traveling along a straight road at
speed v1 (20km/h), increases its speed to
v2 (120km/h) in 15 s. If its acceleration is
constant, determine the distance traveled.
km km
u 20 v 120 t 15s
hr hr
solution
v2 v1
a 1.852m / s 2
t
1
s ut at 2 s 291.67 m
2
 Quiz 1
A truck traveling along a straight
road at speed v1 (40km/h), increases
its speed to v2 (100km/h) in 3000m.
If its acceleration is constant,
determine the time traveled.