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t1 - Trigonometric Functions - 1

This document provides information about angle measurement in degrees, radians, and their conversion. It discusses standard position of angles, trigonometric functions of angles, fundamental trigonometric identities, and the use of trigonometry to solve problems involving angles of circles, sectors, and right triangles. Examples are included to illustrate key concepts and procedures like converting between degrees and radians, finding lengths of arcs and areas of sectors, using trig functions to solve right triangles, and applying identities. Exercises are presented to allow practice in applying the material.

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87 views23 pages

t1 - Trigonometric Functions - 1

This document provides information about angle measurement in degrees, radians, and their conversion. It discusses standard position of angles, trigonometric functions of angles, fundamental trigonometric identities, and the use of trigonometry to solve problems involving angles of circles, sectors, and right triangles. Examples are included to illustrate key concepts and procedures like converting between degrees and radians, finding lengths of arcs and areas of sectors, using trig functions to solve right triangles, and applying identities. Exercises are presented to allow practice in applying the material.

Uploaded by

utp
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Angle in Standard Position

• An angle formed by it’s initial side along the positive x-


axis, with it’s vertex at the origin, and it’s terminal side
placed at the end of the rotation.

1
Angles: Units of Measurement)
Degrees ( ___ ° )
Angles can be measured
Radians ( ___rad )

Degree : 1 complete revolution = 360°


If smaller measurements than degree are required :

1. Tenths, hundredths or thousandths of degree.


2. Minutes (1° = 60’ )
3. Second ( 1° = 60 x 60 =3600” )
2
Radian Measure
• An angle measures 1 radian when the angle intercepts an arc
on a circle equal to the radius of the circle.

• 1 radian is approximately 57.3.

3
Relationship between degrees and radians.

180° =  rad.

1° =  / 180 rad. 1 rad = 180°/ 


 0.0175 rad  57.2958°
To convert from degrees to To convert from radians
radians, multiply by to degrees, multiply by
 radians
. 180
180 
.
 radians
4
Example

• Convert each of the following to either radians or


degrees.
a) 150 b) 75
 150 5  75 5
150    75   
180 180 6 radians 180 180 12
7
c) 4 radians d) 3 radians

7 180 1260 180 540


   315 3   171.9
4  4  

5
Changing radians to degrees, minutes and seconds

1  60' (minutes)
1'  60'' (seconds)
Example:
If   3 approximate  in terms of degrees, minutes and seconds.

Solution: 180 
3 radians  3( )

 171.8873
 171  (0.8873)60'
 171  53.238'
 171  53' (0.238)(60)' '
 171 53'14.28' '
 171 53'14' ' 6
Example
• We express 19°47′23″ as a decimal, to the
nearest ten-thousandth of a degree:

7
Length of a Circular Arc

In a circle of radius r, the length s of an arc that


subtends a central angle of radian  is
s=r

8
Example
• Find the length of an arc of a circle of radius 10 cm

associated with an angle of radians.
4

s
 or s  r
r
s  r
 10 5
s  10   
4 4 2
s  7.85 cm

9
Area of a Circular Sector
In a circle of radius r, the area A of a
sector with a central angle of  radians is
1 2
A r 
2
A

r

10
Example:
Find the area of a sector with central angle
0
120 if the radius of the circle is 9 cm.
_____________________________________
Answer: 1 2 1 2  2 
A  r   (9)  
2 2  3 

 27 cm 2

11
Trigonometry of Right Angle Triangle.

P( adjacent, opposite )

use
ten opposite
ypo
h

adjacent

1. sin  = opp/hyp 4. csc  = hyp/opp


2. cos  = adj / hyp 5. sec  = hyp / adj
3. tan  = opp/adj 6. cot  = adj / opp

12
Example: If  is an acute angle and cos  = ¾, find the values of
Trigonometric functions of .

Solution: We know from Pythagorean theorem that hyp2 = opp2+adj2

4 2  3 2  opp 2
opp  7
4
p = sin   opp/hyp  7 / 4
hy opp
cos   adj/hyp  3 / 4

adj = 3 tan   opp/adj  7 / 3

13
Fundamental Identities

14
Example Write tan  + cot  in terms of sin 
and cos .
Solution

sin  cos
tan  cot  
cos sin 
sin 2  cos2 
 
cos sin  cos sin 
Also Study Example 6 sin 2
  cos 2

On page 380 as an exercise 
cos sin 
1

cos sin  15
EXERCISE
• Show that the following equation is an identity
by transforming the left-hand side into the
right-hand side:

• Solution We begin with the left-hand side and


proceed as on the next slide:

16
Solution (cont’d)

17
Other Angles
• We can extend the definitions of the trigonometric
functions to angles that are not acute.
• If θ is acute, then we can express the trigonometric
functions of θ using a point P(x, y) on the terminal
side of θ

18
Other Angles (cont’d)

19
Example
• If θ is an angle in standard position on a rectangular
coordinate system and if
P(–15, 8) is on the terminal side of θ, find the values
of the six trigonometric functions of θ.
• Solution The point P(–15, 8) is shown on the next
slide:

20
Solution (cont’d)

21
Solution (cont’d)
• Applying the definition of the trigonometric functions x = –15,
y = 8, and

we obtain

22
Exercise 49 page 370
A large winch of diameter 3 feet is used to hoist cargo, as shown in the figure.
 Find the distance the cargo is lifted if the winch rotates through an angle of 7π/4
 Find the angle through which the winch must rotate in order to lift the cargo d feet
 Find the exact values of the angle if cos( )  8 / 17
 Solve cos( )  0 and sin( )  0

23

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