DBP 2033
BUSINESS
MATHEMATICS
CHAPTER 3
CALCULUS
SUBTOPIC 3.1
RULES OF 34
DIFFERENTIATION
33
20
DPB
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME:
Calculate correctly accurately business mathematics problems using
CLO1
the various basic equation and formula algebraically or graphically.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, student should be able
to :
Describe the concept and rules of
differentiation
Apply the rules of differentiation to find the
derivative of a given function
Solve simple differentiation problems
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Differentiation
Rules of Differentiation
Rule 1 : The Derivative of a Constant
d
c0
dx
Example 1
Differentiate y3
Solution
dy
0
dx
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Example Derivatives of Constant Functions
d
a. 3 0
dx
b. If g x 5 , then g ' x . 0
c. If , then .
s t 1,938,623 0
807 .4 ds
dt
Rule 2 : The General Power Rule
d n
x nx n 1
dx
Example 2
Differentiate y x4
Solution
dy
4x 3
dx
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Rule 3 : The Derivative of a Constant times a
Function / Constant Multiple Rule
d
kf ( x) kf ( x)
dx
Example 3
Differentiate
y 3x 2
Solution
dy
3 2 x
dx
6x
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Rule 4 : The Derivative of a Sum or a Difference
d du dv
(u v )
dx dx dx
Example 4
Differentiate
f ( x) 3 x 2 7 x
Solution
d d
f ( x) 3x 7 x
' 2
dx dx
6x 7
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Rule 5 : The Product Rule d (uv) u dv v du
dx dx dx
Example 5
Differentiate y (6 x 2 x )( x 1)
2 3
Solution
Let u 6x2 2x v x3 1
du dv
12 x 2 3x 2
dx dx
Therefore, using the formula for Product Rule
dy dv du
u v
dx dx dx
(6 x 2 2 x)(3x 2 ) ( x 3 1)(12 x 2)
30 x 4 8 x 3 12 x 2
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y x 3
3x 2 2
let u x3 an v (3 x 2) 2
d
du dv
3x 2 2(3 x 2)1 (3)
dx dx
6(3 x 2)
dy
x 3 [6(3 x 2)] [(3x 2) 2 (3 x 2 )]
dx
3 (3x 2)[2 x (1) 1 (1)(3x 2)]
2
x
3 x (3 x 2) [2 x 3 x 2]
2
2
3 x (3x 2)(5 x 2)
Example Applying the Product Rule
Find F(x).
F x x 2 3 x 4 x 5
F' x
d 2
x 3 x 4 x 5 x 3 x
2 d
4 x 5
dx dx
2 x 3 4 x 5 x 2 3 x 4 12 x 2 34 x 15
Example Differentiating a Product of Three Factors
Find y.
y ( x 2)( x 3)( x 4)
d d
y' x 2 x 3 x 4 x 2 x 3 x 4
dx dx
3 x 2 18 x 26
Example Differentiating Sums and Differences of Functions
Differentiate the following functions:
a. F x 3 x 5 x
F' x
d
dx
3x 5 d 1/ 2
dx
x
1
3 5 x 4 x 1/ 2 15 x 4
2
1
2 x
z4 5
b. f z 1/ 3
4 z
d z4 d 5
f ' z
dz 4 dz z1/ 3
1
1 5
4z 3 5 z 4 / 3 z 3 z 4 / 3
4 3 3
exercise
2
1. y 4 x(5 x 1)
2. 4 6
y x (1 2 x)
3
3. y (6 x 1)(3 x 4)
Rule 6 : The Quotient Rule du dv
v u
d u dx dx
( )
Example 6 dx v v2
Differentiate y x 2
7
3x 1
Solution
Let u x2 7 v 3x 1
du dv
2x 3
dx dx
Therefore, using the formula for Quotient Rule
dy (3 x 1)( 2 x ) ( x 7)(3)
2 3 x 2
2 x 21
dx (3 x 1) 2 (3 x 1) 2
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4x
y
5x 3
let u 4x an v 5x 3
d
du dv
4 5
dx dx
dy (5 x 3) 4 (4 x)(5)
- 2
dx (5 x 3)
20 x 12 20 x
2
(5 x 3)
12
(5 x 3) 2
Rule 6 : The Quotient Rule du dv
v u
d u dx dx
( )
Example dx v v2
Differentiate
Solution
Using the formula for Quotient Rule
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Example Differentiating Quotients without Using the Quotient Rule
Differentiate the following functions.
3 5x 2 3x 1
a. f x
2x c. f x 5 x 3
5 4x 4
1 5
f ' x 5
2
2 6 x
f ' x 3x 2 4 4
5 5
b. f x
7x
4
3
4 3
7
x
4
7
12
f ' x 3 x 4 4
7x
Example Applying the Quotient Rule
4x 2 3
If F x 2 x 1 , find F(x).
d
2
2 d
2 x 1 4 x 3 4 x 3 2x 1
Solution: F ' x dx dx
2x 1 2
2 x 1 8 x 4 x 2 3 2 2 2 x 1 2 x 3
2x 1 2
2x 1 2
exercise
3x 2 3x 8
(a) (d ) 4
4x 7 x 6
6x 2
x 1
(b) (e)
4x 3 2
3x 4
x2 4x
(c ) (f)
3x 5 x4
Rule 7 : The Chain Rule d dy du
dx du dx
Example 7
Differentiate y ( x 5)
2 4
Solution
Let u x 5
2 y u4
du dy
2x 4u 3
dx du
Therefore, using the formula for Chain Rule
dy
4u 3 2 x 4( x 2 5) 3 2 x
dx
8 x( x 2 5) 3
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The Chain Rule
Chain Rule: dy dy du
dx du dx
Example Using the Chain Rule
a. If y = 2u2 3u 2 and u = x2 + 4, find dy/dx.
Solution: dy dy du d 2u 2 3u 2 d x 2 4
dx du dx du dx
4u 3 2 x
dy
dx
4 x 2 4 3 2 x 4 x 2 13 2 x 8 x 3 26 x
b. If y = w and w = 7 t3, find dy/dt.
Solution: dy d 1/ 2 d
dt
dw
w 7 t
dt
3
3t 2 3t 2
2 w 2 7 t3
first derivative of functions
y 3x 2 5
let u = 3x + 2
y u5
dy du
5u 4 and 3
du dx
dy dy du
dx du dx
5u 4 3
15u 4
15 (3 x 2) 4
exercise
4
1. y (6 x 7 )
3
2. y 5
(3 x 4)
2
3. y 1 3x
Rule 8 : The Power Rule d (u ( x)) n n(u ( x)) n 1 du
dx dx
Example 8
Differentiate y ( x 2 5) 4
Solution
dy 4 1 d 2
4( x 5) ( x 5)
2
dx dx
4( x 2 5)3 2 x
8 x( x 5)
2 3
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Example Using the Power Rule
If y = (x3 1)7, find y.
Solution:
y' 7 x 1
3 7 1 d
dx x 1
3
7 x 1 3 x 21x x
6 6
3 2 2 2
1
Example Using the Power Rule
1
If y , find dy/dx.
x2 2
Solution: dy
1 x 2 2
11 d
x2 2
2x
dx dx x2 2
2
Example Differentiating a Product of Powers
If y x 4, find
2
3 x y.
5
5 4
Solution:
y' x 4
d
dx
3 x 5 3 x 5
2 4 5 4 d
dx
x 4
2 5
2
12 x 4 3 x 5 10 x 3 x 5 x 4
5 3 4
2
4
2 x 4 2
3 x 5 21x
4 3 2
25 x 24
Exercise
dy
1. Find for the following functions :
dx
(a) y 4x
5
(b) y 4 x 2
1 ( 7 x 3
x)
2x2 7
(c) y
3x 1
y ( x 5 7 x) 2
(d) 8
(e) y 1
x3
y (4 x 3x 2 )(1 2 x) 5
(f)
y 2x x
(g) 3
x2
(h) y
x 3
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Rules for Differentiation
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Rules for Differentiation
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Rules for Differentiation
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