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Matrices and Determinants: Astrid Xiomara Rodríguez Castelblanco

This document discusses matrices and their properties. It defines different types of matrices including row matrices, column matrices, square matrices, triangular matrices, and band matrices. It also covers operations with matrices such as transposition, addition, scalar multiplication, and matrix multiplication. Properties of these operations like associativity and distributivity are described. The document also introduces inverse matrices and their properties.

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66 views21 pages

Matrices and Determinants: Astrid Xiomara Rodríguez Castelblanco

This document discusses matrices and their properties. It defines different types of matrices including row matrices, column matrices, square matrices, triangular matrices, and band matrices. It also covers operations with matrices such as transposition, addition, scalar multiplication, and matrix multiplication. Properties of these operations like associativity and distributivity are described. The document also introduces inverse matrices and their properties.

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xiomararodriguez10
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

• ASTRID XIOMARA
RODRÍGUEZ
CASTELBLANCO
MATRICES
It is called matrix of order m × n rectangular every
set of elements aij m arranged in horizontal lines
(rows) and n vertical (columns) of the form:
TYPES OF MATRICES
Row matrix: A matrix that has only one row, ie m = 1
and therefore serial 1xn

Column matrix: A matrix


that has only one column,
ie, n = 1 and therefore is of
order mx 1
SQUARE MATRIX
• Is one that has the same number of rows
and columns, that is m = n. In these cases
it is said that is a square matrix of order n,
and nx n  a11 a12 a13  a1n 
 
 a21 a22 a23  a2 n 
a a32 a33  a3n 
 31

    
 
 an1 an 2 an 3  ann 
TRANSPOSE MATRIX
Given a matrix A, is called the transpose of A, and is represented by At,
the matrix obtained by changing rows by columns. The first row of A is
the first column of At, the second row of A is the second column of At,
etc.

The definition follows that if A is mxn order, then At is of order nx m.


SYMMETRIC MATRIX:

• A square matrix A is symmetric if A = At,


namely, if aij = aji " i, j.
IDENTITY MATRIX
• Is a scalar matrix with diagonal elements
equal to 1.
TRIANGULAR MATRIX
• It is a square matrix that has zero all the elements
that are on the same side of the main diagonal.
The triangular matrices are of two types

LOWER UPPER
BAND MATRIZ
• It is this matrix composed of zeros except the
main diagonal and diagonal secondary, which
are composed of real number
OPERATIONS WITH MATRICES

Transposition of matrices.
Matrix Addition and
diferencia
Product of a matrix by a
number.
Product between
matrices
Simplifying Properties
TRANSPOSITION OF MATRICES
Properties transposition of matrices:
1 .- Given a matrix A, its transpose always
exists and it is unique.
2 .- The transpose of the matrix transpose of
A is A. a (At)t = A.
SUM OF MATRICES
• A=(aij), B=(bij) of the same size, is another matrix
S = (Sij) of the same dimension as the generic term
addends and sij = aij + bij. Therefore, in order to add
two such matrices must have the same dimension
PROPERTIES OF THE SUM

• PARTNERS:
1ª. A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C
SWITCHED
• 2ª. A + B = B + A
VOID
3ª. A + 0 = A (0 es la matriz nula)

The matrix-A, obtained by changing sign all the


elements of A matrix is called the opposite of A, since A
+ (-A) = 0.
PRODUCT NUMBER ONE
MATRICES
• The product of a matrix A = (aij) by a real
number k is another matrix B = (bij) of the
same dimension as A and such that each
element bij of B is obtained by multiplying aij
for k, nomaly, bij = k·aij.
Properties of the product of a matrix by a scalar

• PROPERTY DISTRIBUTION 1
1ª. k (A + B) = k A + k B
DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY 2
•
2ª. (k + h)A = k A + h A
ASSOCIATIVE JOINT PROPERTY
3ª. k [h A] = (k h) A
UNIT ELEMENT
4ª. 1 · A = A · 1 = A
SIMPLIFIED PROPERTIES

Si A + C = B + C Û A = B

Si k A = k B Û A = B if k is not 0

Si k A = h A Û h = k if A is not 0
PRODUCT OF MATRICES
• Given two matrices A and B, their product is
another matrix P whose elements are obtained
by multiplying the rows of A by the columns of
B. More formally, the elements of P are of the
form:
Pij = S aik bkj
It is evident that the number of columns of A
must match the number of rows of B.
Moreover, if A has dimension mxny B dimension
nxp, matrix P is of order mxp,
INVERSE MATRIX
• A square matrix has inverse is said to be
invertible or scheduled, otherwise called
singular.
Properties of inverse matrices
A-1·A = A·A-1= I

(A·B)-1 = B-1·A-1

(A-1)-1 = A

(kA)-1 = (1/k) · A-1

(At) –1 = (A-1) t
BIBLIOGRAPHY

• http://metodosnumericosunefanc.blogspot.co
m/
• http://thales.cica.es/rd/Recursos/rd99/ed99-0
289-02/ed99-0289-02.html
• http://sauce.pntic.mec.es/~jpeo0002/Archivos
/PDF/T06.pdf

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