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Submitted by Vikas Verma

A presentation on networking defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources like printers, exchange files, and allow electronic communication. The document discusses reasons for networking like information sharing, different network topologies including bus, star, ring and tree, as well as types of networks including LAN, MAN and WAN. Peer-to-peer and client-server network models are also covered, along with advantages and disadvantages of each. Additional topics include transmission methods, media access methods, signaling methods and potential disadvantages of networks.

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155 views21 pages

Submitted by Vikas Verma

A presentation on networking defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources like printers, exchange files, and allow electronic communication. The document discusses reasons for networking like information sharing, different network topologies including bus, star, ring and tree, as well as types of networks including LAN, MAN and WAN. Peer-to-peer and client-server network models are also covered, along with advantages and disadvantages of each. Additional topics include transmission methods, media access methods, signaling methods and potential disadvantages of networks.

Uploaded by

VICASRVERMA
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A presentation on

NETWORKING

SUBMITTED BY VIKAS VERMA


What is a network?
• A network consists of
two or more
computers that are
linked in order to:
– share resources (such
as printers and CD-
ROMs),
– exchange files, or
– allow electronic
communications
What is a network?
• A network consists of
two or more
computers that are
linked in order to:
– share resources (such
as printers and CD-
ROMs),
– exchange files, or
– allow electronic
communications
WHY NETWORK?
Information Sharing
Printer Sharing
Hard Disk Sharing
Modem Sharing
Hardware Sharing
Software Sharing
Service Access
Easy Back-Up Management
Security
Centralized Administration and Support
TOPOLOGY

•The arrangement of a computer in a network is called


network topology. It is the physical layout of connected
computers.
•It refers to the way in which the nodes of a network
are linked together.

Physical topology –the layout of the devices and media.

Logical topology – the paths that signals travel from one


point on the network to another. The way in which data
accesses media and transmits packets across it.
Types of Topology
The main types of network topologies are:

Linear Bus

Star

Ring

Tree or Hybrid
Types of Network

Depending on the geographical coverage


1. LAN 2. MAN 3. WAN
Depending on the architecture
1. Peer to peer 2. Client-Server
Depending on the media
1. Wireless 2. Wired
Web based
1. Internet 2. Intranet 3. Extranet
LAN

1. Maximum distance < = 10 Kms


2. Normally one type of Transmission
Media
3. Normally within a Building or
Campus
MAN

•Maximum Distance > 10 Kms < = 100 Kms


•Transmission Media may be more than one type

•Within a city

MAN Link
Network A
Network B
WAN

Span over broad geographical distance Ranging from

several miles to

entireLink
WAN continents

City A City B

DELHI

CHENNAI
Peer-to-Peer Networks
• In a peer-to-peer network, the
networked computers act as
equal partners, or peers, to
each other.
• As peers, each computer can
take on the client function or
the server function
alternately.
•Every computer can communicate directly with every other
computer
•By default, no computer has more authority than another
•Every computer is capable of sending and receiving
information to and from every other computer
Advantages of Peer-to-Peer
Networks
1. No extra investment in server hardware or software is required

2. Easy setup

3. No network administrator required

4. Ability of users to control resources sharing

5. No reliance on other computers for their operation

6. Lower cost for small networks


Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Networks
1. Additional load on computers because of resource sharing

2.Inability of peers to handle as many network connections as servers

3. Lack of central organization, which can make data hard to find

4.No central point of storage for file archiving

5.Requirement that users administer their own computers

6. Weak and intrusive security

7. Lack of central management, which makes large peer networks


hard to work with
Client/Server Networks
• In a client/server network
arrangement, network
services are located in a
dedicated computer whose
only function is to respond to
the requests of clients.

• The server contains the file,


print, application, security,
and other services in a central
computer that is continuously
available to respond to client
requests.
Advantages of Server- Based
Networks
1. Strong central security
2. Central file storage, which allows all users to work from the same
set of data and provides easy backup of critical data
3. Ability of servers to pool available hardware and software, lowering
overall costs
4 Ability to share expensive equipment, such as laser printers
5. Optimized dedicated servers, which are faster than peers at
sharing net-work resources
6. Less intrusive security, since a single password allows access
to all shared resources on the network
7. Freeing of users from the task of managing the sharing of
resources
8. Easy manageability of a large number of users
9. Central organization, which keeps data from getting lost
among computers
Disadvantages of based networks

1. Expensive dedicated hardware

2. Expensive network operating system software and client


licenses

3. A dedicated network administrator (usually required)


DISADVANTAGES OF NETWORK

• Server faults stop applications being available .

• Network faults can cause loss of data.

• Network fault could lead to loss of resources .

• User work dependent upon network .

• System open to hackers .

• Decisions tend to become centralised .

• Could become inefficient .

17
TRANSMISSION METHODS

Unicast Transmission

Broadcast Transmission

Multicast Transmission
MEDIA ACCESS METHODS

Multiplexed Media Access

Polling

Token-Based Media Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) . . . . . .

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) . . . . . .

Contention Domains . . . .
Signaling Methods
Analog
Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
Digital Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
........
Modulation and
Demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Digital Data Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
........
Serial Data
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parallel Data Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
........
Baseband Transmissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
........
Broadband
Transmissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THANKS

12/07/21 13:01 21

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