Internet/email

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT SERVICE

Training & Research Division

What is INTERNET?

- it is a computer network made up of

thousands of networks worldwide. There are
organizations which develop technical aspects
of this network and set standards for creating
applications on it, but no governing body is in
control. The Internet backbone, through which
Internet traffic flows, is owned by private
companies.
 What are the services/resources that we
can avail from the Internet?

a) Electronic Mail or Email

b) File Transfer
c) Vast Information Resources
d) Interest Group Membership
e) Interactive Collaboration
f) Multimedia Displays
g) Real-time Broadcasting and News Breaks
h) On-line Shopping
Components of the Internet:

1. World Wide Web (WWW or Web) -

It is a vast information resource that
exists around the world on hundreds of
thousands of computers called Web
Servers.
 To view the documents published on
the Web, a web browser is necessary. The list
below shows the most familiar web
browsers today:
 Windows Internet
Explorer/Microsoft Internet Explorer

 Netscape

 Mozilla Firefox

 Opera

 Safari (Apple Macintosh)

2. Electronic Mail or Email - Allows computer users
locally and worldwide to exchange messages. Each
user of e-mail has a mailbox address to which
messages are sent.

Multimedia Internet Mail Extension (MIME) -

A powerful aspect of e-mail is the option to send
electronic files to a person's e-mail address. Non-
ASCII files, known as binary files, may be
attached to e-mail messages. These files are
referred to as MIME attachments.
 A common plug-in utilized on the Web is
the Adobe Acrobat Reader. The Acrobat
Reader allows you to view documents
created in Adobe's Portable Document
Format (PDF). These documents are the
MIME type "application/pdf" and are
associated with the file extension .pdf.
Mime type: TEXT.html
3. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - This is
both a program and the method used to
transfer files between computers.
Anonymous FTP is an option that allows
users to transfer files from thousands of
host computers on the Internet to their
personal computer account.

FTP sites contain books, articles,

software, games, images, sounds, multimedia,
course work, data sets, and more.
4. Chat and Instant Messaging - Chat
programs allow users on the Internet to
communicate with each other by typing the
information into the interface, in real time.

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) - is a service

through which participants can communicate
to each other on hundreds of channels. These
channels are usually based on specific topics.
To access IRC, you must use an IRC software
program.
5. Telnet Sites - is a program that allows
you to log into computers on the Internet
and use online databases, library catalogs,
chat services, and more. There are no
graphics in Telnet sessions, just text. A
Telnet program must be installed on your
local computer and configured to your
Web browser in order to work.
6. Email Discussion Groups - One of the
benefits of the Internet is the opportunity it
offers to people worldwide to communicate
via e-mail. The Internet is home to a large
community of individuals who carry out
active discussions organized around topic-
oriented forums distributed by e-mail.
 Retrieving Documents on the Web

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) - specifies

the Internet address of a file stored on a host
computer connected to the Internet.

URLs are translated into numeric addresses

using the Domain Name System (DNS). The DNS
is a worldwide system of servers that stores location
pointers to Web sites. The numeric address, called
the IP (Internet Protocol) address, is actually the
"real" URL.
 Anatomy of a URL
This is the format of the URL:
protocol://domain/path/filename
Where:
protocol – defines the kind of service to access on
the internet
domain – is the domain host
path – the full path where the file can be located in
the given domain host
filename – the name of the file to access
 For example, this is the URL of the main web page
on the web site of PNP:

http://www.pnp.gov.ph/index.html

Dissecting the above URL, it says that:

 The protocol used is HTTP (HyperText Transfer
Protocol)
 The domain host is pnp.gov.ph

 It access a file from the default path (usually the

web directory)
 The name of the file is index.html
Categories of Top Level Domains:

com commercial enterprise

edu educational institution
gov U.S. government entity
mil U.S. military entity
net network access provider
org usually nonprofit organizations
 In addition, dozens of domain names have been
assigned to identify and locate files stored on host
computers in countries around the world. These are
referred to as two-letter Internet country codes, and
have been standardized by the International Standards
Organization as ISO 3166. For example:

ph Philippines
de Germany
jp Japan
uk United Kingdom
ch Switzerland
 Search Engines
It offer more powerful searching facilities.
Some popular search engines as follows:

 www.yahoo.com  www.hotbot.com
 www.msn.com  www.altavista.com
 www.google.com  www.dogpile.com
 www.lycos.com
 www.webcrawler.com
 www.go.com
 www.excite.com
 Internet Explorer Toolbar

Title Bar - shows the title of the current Web

page. It also tells you whether you are connected to
the Internet or are working offline.
Menu Bar – this shows the main menus that give
you access to all Explorer’s features which are File,
Edit, View, Favorites, Tools and Help.
Standard Toolbar: Contains icons for a variety
of features: Back, Forward, Stop, Refresh, Home,
Search, Favorites, History, Mail, Print and Discuss.
 1.Back - Each time you
click on this arrow, you
will return to the next
previous site that you
visited. This will bring up a
list of pages you have
visited.

2.Forward - When you

have returned to previous
sites with the Back arrow,
you can go forward again
by clicking on the small
right-pointing arrow next
to the Back arrow.
 3.Stop: The circle containing the X will stop a
page while it is in the process of loading. This is
useful if a page is not successfully or speedily
retrieving.
4.Refresh: The square containing the two
curved arrows re-retrieves the page you are
currently viewing. This is useful if the page does
not load successfully or completely.
5.Home: The home icon takes you back to the
page that was on the screen when you first started
IE 6. You can customize your selection. See below
under "Customizing Internet Explorer."
6.Search: The search button opens up a
function that uses one or more Web search tools.
You can choose the search tool(s) you want as
your default.
 7.Favorites: Favorites are Web sites you
have visited that you would like to store for easy
access. You can add, delete and organize your
Favorites.
To add the current Web page as a favorite,
click on Favorites and then Add.
To delete a Favorite, simply right click on the
item and choose Delete.
 8.History: The history function allows you to view and
select Web pages you have recently visited. You can sort
your items by clicking on the black triangle to the right of the
word View. You can sort by size, date, the number of times
visited, and the order you have visited today.
9.Mail: You can read email from this window. Choose the
email software you wish to use by going back to the Menu
Bar and choosing Tools/Internet Options/Programs.
10.Print: Allows you to print the current page. This option
will be explained in more detail below under Printing.
11.Edit: You may edit the current page in the HTML
editor of your choice. Choose the editor by going back to the
Menu Bar and choosing Tools/Internet
Options/Programs.
12.Discuss: You may set a default Usenet newsgroup
server.
If you have the URL (address)
of a Web page
Type the URL in the Address bar at the
top of the screen. To accomplish this, click on
the Address bar to highlight the current URL.
Then type in the new URL and press the Enter
key; or
Click on File/Open at the top left of the
screen. A pop-up window will appear with a
text entry window. Within that window, type the
URL of the file you wish to retrieve. Press the
Enter key.
If you are on a Web page
Click on:
- words or images which change the
shape of the mouse pointer from an arrow
to a hand and display a URL on the bottom
of the screen when the mouse pointer is
placed over it
- the blue words on the display screen
- the purple words on the display screen
(the purple color indicates that the resource
has been recently accessed on your
terminal)
 (Note: The color blue is generally the
default color for text that contains a link,
and purple is the default color for text
representing a link that has been visited in
the recent past. Nowadays, Web page
creators are coloring their links in all sorts
of ways. The best way to figure out which
text represents a link is to position your
mouse over the words and see if the
pointer shape changes from an arrow to a
hand. The hand represents a link.)
 To DOWNLOAD

1.Click on File/Save As. A pop-up window will

appear.
2.Save in: Choose the desired drive.

3.Save as type: Make sure you save the page

to the file type that will be useful to you. If you
save the page as a Web page, you will need a
Web browser or HTML editor to view it.
4.Click on Save