Reflection and Reflective
Practice
Sanjeev Sharma
Reflection and Reflective Practice
Reflection is the purposive, deliberate revisiting of
an experience, to explore and extract the learning
offered by the experience.
Reflection promotes deep learning in personal and
professional development and improvement of
practice.
Educational Theories of Learning
Constructivism
Continuous building and amending of previous
structures or schemata as new experiences,
actions and knowledge are assimilated and
accommodated.
Experience leads to the formation of general
conceptions or constructs. Unless schemata are
amended learning will not occur. ( Kant)
Educational Theories of Learning
Reflective Practice
Individual learners capacity to engage with an
experience.
Reflect critically on it.
Deduce the lessons learnt that need to be applied
to future activity.
Educational Theories of Learning
Kolbs Learning Cycle
Concrete Experience
Conceptualization
Reflection
Experimentation
Reflection and Reflective Practice
Why Reflect ?
Approaches to Learning
Achievement of Expertise
Reflection and Reflective Practice
Approaches to Learning
Surface Learning Deep Learning
Intention to complete the task Intention to understand and
and memorize information. seek meaning.
Attempt to relate concepts to
existing experience.
No distinction between new Distinguish between new ideas
ideas and existing knowledge. and existing knowledge
Critical evaluation of events.
Facts learned out with a Facts learned in the context of
meaningful framework. meaning.
Knowledge Understanding
Reflection and Reflective Practice
Achievement of Expertise
1. Level 1 - Novice stage
Adherence to taught rules, little discretionary
judgment.
2. Level 2 - Advanced Beginner
All aspects and attributes are given equal importance.
3. Level 3 - Competent Practitioner
Able to perform routine procedures.
4. Level 4 Proficient Practitioner
Can differentiate between different aspects and
situations.
5. Level 5 Expert Practitioner
Has deep, implicit and unconscious understanding.
Reflection and Reflective Practice
Models of Reflective Practice
Gibbs Model
Peters DATA model
Gibbs reflective cycle
Action plan Description
What will you Of what
do next time? happened
Feelings
Conclusions
How did you
Other actions
feel at the
you could have
time of the
taken?
incident?
Evaluation
Analysis
What was good
What are your
and bad about
thoughts now?
the event?
Reflection and Reflective Practice
The DATA Model
DESCRIBE
The area of practice which you feel needs improvement or
change
ANALYSE
The factors contributing to the problem area of practice.
THEORISE
Possible ways to improve the practice, and suggest ways forward
ACT
On your theory, by trying out the new practice to see how it
works
Reflection and Reflective Practice
Strategies for Reflective Practice
Portfolio
Discussion group
Essay writing
Critical incident Analysis
Reflection and Reflective Practice
Description
Ms CT was admitted at full term pregnancy with
vaginal bleeding .
The patient had emergency caesarean section for
foetal compromise.
Following the delivery of the baby the patient
suffered respiratory compromise and cardio
vascular collapse.
Reflection and Reflective Practice
Analysis
Following the delivery of the baby and following the
repair of the uterus , there was uterine atonicity.
The patient was given Haemobate to help the
uterus contract.
Possible differential diagnoses were investigated.
Reflection and Reflective Practice
Theorise
Review of patients history revealed her to be
asthmatic.
The differential diagnosis was reviewed with the
new information.
The sequence of events was re examined and a
possible explanation was put forward.
Reflection and Reflective Practice
Action Points
New check list was introduced for the use of
Haemobate.
New policy was devised for the continuity of care
and debriefing of the team.
Further Reading
Educational theories of learning
Behaviourist
Cognitive
Social
Constructivism
Andragogy
Experiential Learning
