Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 584 views

    Polyethylene

    Uploaded by

    Ivan German Ramos
    Polyethylene was first produced in the 1930s by Imperial Chemical Industries using high temperatures and pressures. In the 1950s, Karl Ziegler developed a method for producing polyethylene at room temperature and atmospheric pressure using a catalyst. Ziegler's polyethylene had a linear structure and was rigid compared to the branched, waxy polyethylene produced previously. Later, Giulio Natta showed how different catalysts could control the geometry and properties of polyethylene. There are two main types of polyethylene: low-density polyethylene (LDPE) which has some branching and is softer and more flexible, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) which has no branching and is denser and more rigid.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Polyethylene

    Uploaded by

    Ivan German Ramos
    584 views11 pages
    Polyethylene was first produced in the 1930s by Imperial Chemical Industries using high temperatures and pressures. In the 1950s, Karl Ziegler developed a method for producing polyethylene at room temperature and atmospheric pressure using a catalyst. Ziegler's polyethylene had a linear structure and was rigid compared to the branched, waxy polyethylene produced previously. Later, Giulio Natta showed how different catalysts could control the geometry and properties of polyethylene. There are two main types of polyethylene: low-density polyethylene (LDPE) which has some branching and is softer and more flexible, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) which has no branching and is denser and more rigid.

    Original Title

    Polyethylene.ppt

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Polyethylene was first produced in the 1930s by Imperial Chemical Industries using high temperatures and pressures. In the 1950s, Karl Ziegler developed a method for producing polyethylene at room temperature and atmospheric pressure using a catalyst. Ziegler's polyethylene had a linear structure and was rigid compared to the branched, waxy polyethylene produced previously. Later, Giulio Natta showed how different catalysts could control the geometry and properties of polyethylene. There are two main types of polyethylene: low-density polyethylene (LDPE) which has some branching and is softer and more flexible, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) which has no branching and is denser and more rigid.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    584 views11 pages

    Polyethylene

    Uploaded by

    Ivan German Ramos
    Polyethylene was first produced in the 1930s by Imperial Chemical Industries using high temperatures and pressures. In the 1950s, Karl Ziegler developed a method for producing polyethylene at room temperature and atmospheric pressure using a catalyst. Ziegler's polyethylene had a linear structure and was rigid compared to the branched, waxy polyethylene produced previously. Later, Giulio Natta showed how different catalysts could control the geometry and properties of polyethylene. There are two main types of polyethylene: low-density polyethylene (LDPE) which has some branching and is softer and more flexible, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) which has no branching and is denser and more rigid.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are the early production of polyethylene by British company Imperial Chemical Industries and Karl Ziegler's production of high molecular weight polyethylene at room temperature in 1952. Giulio Natta extended Ziegler's research by controlling the geometry of polyethylene using certain catalysts.

    Polyethylene was first produced by British company Imperial Chemical Industries. Preparation required temperatures up to 200 deg C and pressures up to 2000atm.

    Giulio Natta extended Ziegler’s research, eventually showing how the geometry of polyethylene could be controlled by certain catalysts (produced by Ziegler).

    Polyethylene

    27 April 2001 Jamila Richardson 1


    Starting Up

    Polyethylene was first produced by British company Imperial


    Chemical Industries. Preparation required temperatures up to
    200 deg C and pressures up to 2000atm.
    Karl Ziegler prepared a high molecular weight polyethylene
    at room temperature in 1952 while working at Dacron
    Industries.
    ICI polyethylene had shorter, branched chains, and was waxy
    and easily deformed. Zieglers puppy was had and rigid, and
    could easily be easily drawn into fibers.
    Giulio Natta extended Zieglers research, eventually showing
    how the geometry of polyethylene could be controlled by
    certain catalysts (produced by Ziegler).

    27 April 200 Jamila Richardson 2


    Ethylene, the interesting
    molecule
    Ethylene, because of its double bond, is more reactive
    than ethane. Double bonded carbons make molecule
    more susceptible to bonding with other molecules.
    When approached by another molecule, the double
    bond splits; the carbons are joined by a single bond,
    leaving the the molecule free to bond with both
    carbons.
    Ethylene is used in the ripening of fruit; it stimulates
    the metabolic processes of the fruit by dissolving into
    the cell membrane, therefore increasing its
    permeability
    27 April 200 Jamila Richardson 3
    Formation and Structure

    Ethylene-Ethylene
    bond yields
    polyethylene
    (CH2CH2)n
    polyethylene

    Crystalline regions lie Pure


    in alternating fashion polyethylene, low-
    with amorphous and high-density
    regions, which creates polyethylene
    scattering of light (LDPE, HDPE)
    27 April 200 Jamila Richardson 4
    High-Density Polyethylene

    Absence of branching results in a more closely


    packed structure, more crystalline, higher density, and
    chemical resistance slightly higher than that of LDPE.
    Resists alcohols, acids, bases, esters, and aldehydes
    Specific Gravity: 0.94 to 0.97
    Melting point 130 to 135 deg C
    Carbon chains can are 10,000 to 100,000 carbon
    atoms long
    Translucent

    27 April 200 Jamila Richardson 5


    Low-density Polyethylene
    (LDPE)
    Small amount of branching on the chain gives a
    more open structure
    Melting point of 109 to 125 deg C
    Does not react at room temperature
    Resists alcohols, esters, acids, and bases.
    Limited resistance to aldehydes.
    Translucent to opaque
    Used for plastic food or garment bags, spray
    bottles, plastic lids.
    27 April 200 Jamila Richardson 6
    Pure Polyethylene

    Low density arises from minimal amount of


    branching in chain, gives a more open structure.
    Translucent to opaque
    Resists acids, bases, esters, alcohols,
    hydrocarbons. Limited resistance to aldehydes.
    Does not react at room temperature
    Translucent to opaque.

    27 April 200 Jamila Richardson 7


    Properties

    Poylethylene is a solvent
    for fats, oils, and grease.
    Dissolving occurs slowly.
    Electrons are tightly
    trapped in their C-C and
    C-H bonds, which results
    in an inability of Thin film of polyethylene photographed
    electrical current to flow. using polarized light. The pattern arises
    form the presence of spherulites, or
    Also results in inability regions where the polymer molecules have
    for water and ions to aggregated into spheres.
    penetrate interior of solid. Picture and caption from Molecules

    27 April 200 Jamila Richardson 8


    Other (Fun) Facts

    Polyethylene is a
    thermoplastic. That is, it
    becomes soft and
    malleable when heated,
    and hard and solid when
    cooled. (So, basically, its a plastic. Wow.)
    Polyethylene is an
    addition polymer. The
    double bonds allow for
    splitting and bonding
    with other molecules.

    27 April 200 Jamila Richardson 9


    R-E-C-Y-C-L-E, Recycle. . .

    Polyethylene does not


    biodegrate unless first
    oxidized.
    Polyeofins are highly
    susceptible to
    photooxidation, or
    oxidation caused by the
    exposure to light.
    Hindered-amine light
    stabilizers are then used to
    Polyethylene film, which is widely used for
    prevent photooxidation. packaging, is formed by extruding the molten
    plastic through a ring-like gap and inflating it like a
    balloon.
    Photo and caption from Molecules
    27 April 200 Jamila Richardson 10
    Well, thats it.

    I hope you enjoyed my presentation.

    BYE!

    27 April 200 Jamila Richardson 11

    You might also like