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    Nuclear Energy: Saswata Pradhan 14/CH/42 Haldia Institute of Technology

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    Nuclear energy is a powerful source of energy generated from nuclear reactions that change the nucleus of an atom. There are two main ways to obtain nuclear energy: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Some historical milestones in nuclear science include Marie and Pierre Curie discovering radium and polonium in 1898, and Einstein's theory of mass-energy equivalence in 1905. Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission reactions that occur inside nuclear reactors, which produce heat to create steam that drives turbines. While nuclear energy has advantages like producing large amounts of energy with few emissions, it also has problems related to cost, safety, and nuclear waste disposal.

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    Nuclear Energy: Saswata Pradhan 14/CH/42 Haldia Institute of Technology

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    Nuclear energy is a powerful source of energy generated from nuclear reactions that change the nucleus of an atom. There are two main ways to obtain nuclear energy: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Some historical milestones in nuclear science include Marie and Pierre Curie discovering radium and polonium in 1898, and Einstein's theory of mass-energy equivalence in 1905. Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission reactions that occur inside nuclear reactors, which produce heat to create steam that drives turbines. While nuclear energy has advantages like producing large amounts of energy with few emissions, it also has problems related to cost, safety, and nuclear waste disposal.

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    Nuclear energy is a powerful source of energy generated from nuclear reactions that change the nucleus of an atom. There are two main ways to obtain nuclear energy: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Some historical milestones in nuclear science include Marie and Pierre Curie discovering radium and polonium in 1898, and Einstein's theory of mass-energy equivalence in 1905. Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission reactions that occur inside nuclear reactors, which produce heat to create steam that drives turbines. While nuclear energy has advantages like producing large amounts of energy with few emissions, it also has problems related to cost, safety, and nuclear waste disposal.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    38 views16 pages

    Nuclear Energy: Saswata Pradhan 14/CH/42 Haldia Institute of Technology

    Uploaded by

    Saswata Pradhan
    Nuclear energy is a powerful source of energy generated from nuclear reactions that change the nucleus of an atom. There are two main ways to obtain nuclear energy: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Some historical milestones in nuclear science include Marie and Pierre Curie discovering radium and polonium in 1898, and Einstein's theory of mass-energy equivalence in 1905. Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission reactions that occur inside nuclear reactors, which produce heat to create steam that drives turbines. While nuclear energy has advantages like producing large amounts of energy with few emissions, it also has problems related to cost, safety, and nuclear waste disposal.

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    of 16

    NUCLEAR ENERGY

    SASWATA PRADHAN
    14/CH/42
    HALDIA INSTITUTE OF
    What is nuclear energy?
    Nuclear energy is a powerful
    source of energy, generated during
    a nuclear reaction, by change in
    the nucleus of an atom. The source
    of nuclear energy is the mass of
    the nucleus and energy generated
    during a nuclear reaction is due to
    conversion of mass into energy
    (Einstein's Theory).
    TWO WAYS TO OBTAIN NUCLEAR ENERGY:

    1. Nuclear fission
    2. Nuclear fusion
    Historical Milestones
    The following are some of the milestones of importance in
    nuclear science and technology.
    1898, Marie and Pierre Curie discover new elements Radium
    and Polonium
    1905, Einsteins special theory of relativity, equivalence of
    mass and energy (E=mc2)
    1911, Rutherford discovers the atomic nucleus
    Historical Milestones
    1913, Bohr publishes model of atom
    1913, discovery of isotopes
    1932, Chadwick discovers the neutron
    1939, Otto-Hahn/Strassmann/Meitner/Frisch discover fission
    of uranium
    1942, Fermi produces fission chain reaction in
    uranium/graphite pile
    1945 Jul. 16, the U.S. tests fission bomb in New Mexico
    NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS WORLD WIDE
    A Nuclear Power Plant is basically a Thermal
    Power Plant in which steam is produced in a
    Nuclear Reactor rather than in a Conventional
    Boiler
    NUCLEAR REACTOR
    Anuclear reactor, formerly known as
    an atomic pile, is a device used to initiate
    and control a sustained nuclearchain
    reaction.Nuclear reactorsare used at
    nuclearpower plants for electricity
    generation and in propulsion of ships.
    Types of Nuclear Reactor
    The Boiling Water Reactor (BWR): This
    is the simplest of all reactors. Water absorbs
    heat from the reactions in the core and is
    directly driven to the turbines. After condensing
    the water is pumped back to the reactor core.
    The Gas Cooled Reactor (GCR) : It uses
    CO2 gas to remove heat from the core.
    This is then piped through the steam
    generator where heat is removed from the
    gas and it can then be re-circulated to the
    reactor. As usual steam generated is used
    to drive the turbine and generate
    electricity, condensed then recirculated.
    Graphite is used as a moderator to allow
    energy production by un-enriched
    uranium.
    The Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR): It
    uses a Plutonium fuel rather than
    Uranium. The Pu is surrounded by
    rods of U-238 which absorb neutrons
    and are transmitted into Pu-239
    which undergoes fission to generate
    energy. As the plutonium in the core
    becomes depleted it creates or
    breeds more plutonium from the
    Uranium around it.
    ADVANTAGES
    Almost 0 emissions
    They can be sited almost anywhere unlike
    oil which is mostly imported.
    The plants almost never experience
    problems if not from human error, which
    almost never happens anyway because the
    plant only needs like 10 people to operate
    it.
    A small amount of matter creates a large
    amount of energy.
    A lot of energy is generated from a single
    power plant. Current nuclear waste in the
    US is over 90% Uranium.
    Major Problems of Nuclear
    Energy:
    Cost
    Safety
    Waste Disposal
    INDIAS NUCLEAR ENERGY
    Nuclear power is the fourth-largest source of
    electricity in India after thermal, hydroelectric
    and renewable sources of electricity.
    As of 2012, India has 20 nuclear reactors in
    operation in six nuclear power plants,
    generating 4,780MW while seven other
    reactors are under construction and are
    expected to generate an additional 5,300 MW.
    India has been making advances in the field of
    thorium-based fuels, working to design and
    develop a prototype for an atomic reactor.
    Conclusions
    1. The new generation reactors will help to reduce
    proliferation risk and resolve, to a great extent, the
    toughest unresolved issue of long term disposal of
    spent fuel.o

    2. Renewable energyandenergy efficiencymay not


    solve the energy and climate crises

    3. Nuclear fuel is virtually unlimited and has extremely


    highspecific energy

    4. New technology may be able to safely dispose


    ofnuclear waste

    5. Nuclear power is claimed to be the safest energy


    option
    REFERENCES
    1. "A guide for effective energy saving".Renewable
    Energy World. Retrieved2016-06-14.
    2. Top 5 reasons to be energy efficient".Alliance to Save
    Energy (ASE). 20 July 2012. Retrieved2016-06-14.

    3. Patrick Leslie, Joshua Pearce, Rob Harrap, Sylvie Daniel,


    "The application of smartphone technology to economic
    and environmental analysis of building energy
    conservation strategies",International Journal of
    Sustainable Energy31(5), pp. 295-311 (2012).open access
    4. July 2009 European Commission's Directorate-General
    for Energy and Transport initiative, "Energy Savings from
    Intelligent Metering and Behavioural
    5. http://www.managenergy.net/products/R1951.htm",
    2009
    6. Best Buy Optimas Award Winner for 2007ArchivedMay
    23, 2007, at theWayback Machine.
    7. LED Lighting - Department of Energy".
    8. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: When will consumers realize the
    60-cent light bulb wasn't a bargain?".
    9. "A Boom in Utility Rebates Drives LED Lighting
    Commission, California Energy."Consumer Energy Center -
    Incandescent, LED, Fluorescent, Compact Fluorescent and
    THANK YOU

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