Scribd
Upload
213 views

Digital Image Processing Basics

image processing using atlab

Uploaded by

Goutham Mareeswaran B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
213 views

Digital Image Processing Basics

image processing using atlab

Uploaded by

Goutham Mareeswaran B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Digital Image

Processing
Introduction
image digital image
An image is a two-dimensional function f(x,y), where x
and y are the spatial (plane) coordinates, and the
amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates (x,y) is called the
intensity of the image at that level.

If x,y and the amplitude values of f are finite and discrete


quantities, we call the image a digital image. A digital image is
composed of a finite number of elements called pixels, each of
which has a particular location and value.
First Digital
Photograph
Pixel intensity value
Consider the following
image (2724x2336 pixels)
f(1,1) = to be 2D function or a
103
matrix with rows and
Pixel location columns

In 8-bit representation
Pixel intensity values
rows columns change between 0 (Black)
and 255 (White)
f(645:650,1323:132
8) =
83 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 81 81 81
82 82 81 81 80 80
82 82 81 80 80 79
80 79 78 77 77 77
80 79 78 78 77 77

f(2724,2336)
= 88
Remember digitization implies that a digital image is an
approximation of a real scene

One pixel
Digital Image Processing
Sources of Digital Images
The principal source for the images is the
electromagnetic (EM) energy spectrum.
Gamma rays

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Gamma rays

Gamma-Ray imaging of
A starburst galaxy about
12 million light-years
away
Gamma-Ray
Imaging
Cherenkov
Telescope

Gamma-Ray Imaging
n nuclear medicine
2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
X- rays

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


X- rays

X-ray images from the space


The Chandra X-Ray Observatory

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Ultra-violet

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Ultra-violet

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Visible light
Visible light
R

G B
Infrared

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Infrared

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Microwaves

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Microwaves

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Radio Waves

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Radio Waves

MRI image slices from the brain

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Digital Images based on the EM
Spectrum
An example showing Imaging in all of
the bands

Visible light

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasonic spectrum

Ultrasonic Baby image Ultrasound image


during pragnancy acquisition device

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


The continuum from image processing to computer vision
can be broken up into low-, mid- and high-level processes

Low Level Mid Level High Level Process


Process Process
Input: Image Input: Image Input: Attributes

Output: Image Output: Output: Understanding


Attributes

Examples: Scene
Examples: Noise Examples: Object understanding,
removal, image recognition, autonomous
sharpening segmentation navigation
Acquisition of
Images
The images are generated by the combination of an
illumination source and the reflection or absorption of energy
from that source by the elements of the scene being imaged.

Imaging sensors are used to transform the illumination


energy into digital images.

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Types of Image Sensors
Single Sensor

Line Sensor

Array Sensor

2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


Summary
We have looked at:
What is a digital image?
What is digital image processing?
State of the art examples of digital image processing
Image acquisition

Next time we will start to see the key


stages in digital image processing and
talk about interpolation

You might also like