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    GST Lecture

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    Jojoi N Jecah
    This document provides an overview of gender and development concepts from a workshop. It discusses: 1. The differences between sex, which is biological, and gender, which is socially and culturally determined. 2. Common gender issues like economic marginalization of women, their underrepresentation in politics, gender stereotyping, and violence against women. 3. The four processes through which children learn gender roles - manipulation, canalization, verbal appellation, and activity exposure. 4. Perspectives of gender and development, which recognize unequal status of women, question limiting gender roles, and stress women's active participation in development.

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    GST Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Jojoi N Jecah
    107 views45 pages
    This document provides an overview of gender and development concepts from a workshop. It discusses: 1. The differences between sex, which is biological, and gender, which is socially and culturally determined. 2. Common gender issues like economic marginalization of women, their underrepresentation in politics, gender stereotyping, and violence against women. 3. The four processes through which children learn gender roles - manipulation, canalization, verbal appellation, and activity exposure. 4. Perspectives of gender and development, which recognize unequal status of women, question limiting gender roles, and stress women's active participation in development.

    Original Description:

    For Gender Sensitivity Training GAD Basic Concept. Other slides are copied from Atty Esquivel

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    This document provides an overview of gender and development concepts from a workshop. It discusses: 1. The differences between sex, which is biological, and gender, which is socially and culturally determined. 2. Common gender issues like economic marginalization of women, their underrepresentation in politics, gender stereotyping, and violence against women. 3. The four processes through which children learn gender roles - manipulation, canalization, verbal appellation, and activity exposure. 4. Perspectives of gender and development, which recognize unequal status of women, question limiting gender roles, and stress women's active participation in development.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    107 views45 pages

    GST Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Jojoi N Jecah
    This document provides an overview of gender and development concepts from a workshop. It discusses: 1. The differences between sex, which is biological, and gender, which is socially and culturally determined. 2. Common gender issues like economic marginalization of women, their underrepresentation in politics, gender stereotyping, and violence against women. 3. The four processes through which children learn gender roles - manipulation, canalization, verbal appellation, and activity exposure. 4. Perspectives of gender and development, which recognize unequal status of women, question limiting gender roles, and stress women's active participation in development.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 45

    GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE, HHSG, PA

    Gender And Development


    Awareness

    CPT MARY CECILLE S SOMBONG (OS) PA


    Ms Joy Difuntorum-Ramirez
    Workshop 1: Babae yan! lalaki
    yan!
    Nanganganak Matalino
    Malakas Leader
    Malinis sa katawan Good provider
    Maalaga
    Matapang
    Nagger
    Masipag
    SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION

    GAD Concept

    Manifestations & Gender Biases

    Four Process in a Childs Learning of Gender Roles and


    Identity

    GAD Perspectives
    Concept of gender and
    development
    SEX and gender
    What is sex?

    is a natural distinguishing variable based


    on biological characteristics of being a
    woman or a man.

    IT CANNOT BE CHANGED!
    Women: MEN:

    VAGINA PENIS
    EGG CELL SPERM CELL
    ESTROGEN TESTOSTERONE
    WHAT IS GENDER?

    refers to the socially differentiated roles,


    characteristics and expectations attributed
    by culture to women and men.

    CAN BE CHANGED!
    Men & women:
    Household chores;
    Child rearing;
    Get a job;
    Can drive a car;
    Can play dress-up;
    Can climb etc.
    SEX AND GENDER ROLE
    Sex role is a function which a
    male or female assumes
    because of the basic
    physiological or anatomical
    Ex.
    differences between
    Male - Fatherhood
    the
    sexes.Female Motherhood
    Gender role refers to
    societys evaluation of
    behavior as masculine or
    feminine.
    Difference between sex
    and gender role
    GENDER ROLES SEX ROLES
    May differ from society Same in all societies: they
    to society are universal
    Can change with
    Never change with history
    history
    Can be performed by Can be performed by only
    both sexes one of the sexes
    They are socially, They are biologically
    culturally determined determined
    What is development?
    is a sustained capacity to achieve a better
    life for all regardless of:
    Sex
    Age
    Religion
    Ethnicity
    Class
    Development must
    benefit both women
    and Men
    Gender issues
    What is gender issues?

    pertain to beliefs, ideas, attitudes, behavior,


    systems and other factors that block peoples
    capacity to do and capacity to be.

    affects everybody
    Gender issues:
    Economic Marginalization
    Political Subordination
    Gender Stereotyping
    Multiple Burden
    Violence Aginst Women
    Economic Marginalization

    Womens work, especially thier


    reproductive functions of child bearing
    and family care and housework, are not
    considered as directly contributing to
    economic development;

    Last to be hired; First to be fired


    Political Subordination

    positions of power and leadership in the


    home, community, workplact and in
    society at large are generally occupied by
    men;
    Gender Sterotyping

    Societys institution, including the


    family, schools, government, the church
    and media, reinforce a biased perception
    of women as the weaker sex and thier
    roles, functions and abilities as primarily
    tied to the home;
    Multiple burden

    Super Woman Effect


    Violence against women

    Women become victims of all forms of


    violence, like battering, rape, sexual
    harassment, simply because they are
    women and occupy a subordinate status;
    Reported Cases 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
    Rape 997 927 659 837 811 770 1,042 832 1,030
    Incestuous Rape 38 46 26 22 28 27 19 23 33
    Attempted Rape 194 148 185 147 204 167 268 201 256
    Acts of Lasciviousness 580 536 382 358 445 455 745 625 721
    Physical Injuries 3,553 2,335 1,892 1,505 1,307 1,498 2,018 1,588 1,744
    Sexual Harassment 53 37 38 46 18 54 83 63 41
    RA 9262 218 924 1,269 2,387 3,599 5,285 9,974 9,021 11,531
    Threats 319 223 199 182 220 208 374 213 240
    Seduction 62 19 29 30 19 19 25 15 10
    Concubinage 121 102 93 109 109 99 158 128 146
    RA 9208 17 11 16 24 34 152 190 62 41
    Abduction/Kidnapping 29 16 34 23 28 18 25 22 20
    Unjust Vexation 90 50 59 59 83 703 183 155 156
    TOTAL 6,271 5,37 4,86 5,72 8,90 9,48 15,10 12,9 15,96
    4 1 9 5 5 4 48 9
    FOUR PROCESSES IN A CHILDS
    LEARNING OF GENDER ROLES
    AND IDENTITY
    1. MANIPULATION

    FIRST STAGE where people treat boys


    and girls differently
    Ex.
    Female infants more delicately handled
    than males
    2. CANALIZATION

    SECOND STAGE people direct childrens


    attention to gender-appropriate objects.

    Exemplified by choice of TOYS.


    3. VERBAL APPELATION
    -THIRD STAGE people used words to
    tell children what they are: brave boy
    or pretty girls;

    : boys dont cry or girls do not climb trees


    4. ACTIVITY EXPOSURE
    FOURTH STAGE Children familiarized with
    gender appropriate tasks.
    Girls expected and encouraged to:
    - help their mothers in household tasks;
    - take care of younger siblings; etc
    Boys are allowed and encouraged to play or work
    outside the home
    4. ACTIVITY EXPOSURE
    MASS MEDIA
    Gender stereotype images of men and women
    Women: limiting or negative images:
    * Housewives; loving mothers & wives
    * Martyrs, victims, mistresses
    * Scheming & villainies
    Men: expansive or positive images
    * Strong physically, etc
    * Determined & courageous
    * Principled
    Perspectives of Gender
    And Development (GAD)
    GAD:

    recognizes the unequal


    status and situation of
    women and men in society.
    It questions societys social,
    economical and political structures
    and validity of the gender roles
    they ascribe to women and men.
    Itcontends that women are active
    agents of development and not
    just passive recipients of
    development assistance.
    It stresses the need for women to
    organize themselves and participate
    in political processes to strengthen
    their legal rights
    Statistics on Filipino Women
    Women Men

    Labor force
    participation rate (1998) 49.3 82.9

    Employment-Population
    Ratio (1994-1997) 44.8 76.2

    Proportion in 3rd Level Positions in


    Government (1997) 32.46 67.54

    Percent of Union Leadership 20.7 79.3

    Number of Elected Positons (1998) 2,684 17,460

    Average Earnings (1990) P 0.34 P 1.00

    Source: National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women Factsheet (NCRFW), 2000

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