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14 Radiation

This document discusses different modes of heat transfer including conduction, convection, and radiation. It defines radiation as the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. Key points include: - Radiant heat transfer involves the conversion of thermal energy to electromagnetic waves which travel and are absorbed, converting back to thermal energy. - Emissivity is the ratio of a surface's ability to emit radiation compared to a black body. - The Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the total radiation from a surface is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature for black bodies. - Combined radiation and convection heat transfer can be calculated using an equation that sums the two modes. - Radiation affects temperature measurement

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Zhu Chen Chuan
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231 views27 pages

14 Radiation

This document discusses different modes of heat transfer including conduction, convection, and radiation. It defines radiation as the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. Key points include: - Radiant heat transfer involves the conversion of thermal energy to electromagnetic waves which travel and are absorbed, converting back to thermal energy. - Emissivity is the ratio of a surface's ability to emit radiation compared to a black body. - The Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the total radiation from a surface is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature for black bodies. - Combined radiation and convection heat transfer can be calculated using an equation that sums the two modes. - Radiation affects temperature measurement

Uploaded by

Zhu Chen Chuan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RADIATION

Cuevas, Allyssa
Ocampo, Ken
Tagalog, Shaira
HEAT TRANSFER CONDUCTION
Heat is transferred from one part of a
body to another

CONVECTION
Heat is transferred by the mass
movement of molecules

RADIATION
Heat is transferred by electromagnetic
waves
RADIATION
Definition: Energy emitted from a surface as particles or waves

Radiant heat transfer mechanism:


1. The thermal energy of the hot source is converted into the energy of electromagnetic
radiation waves.
2. These waves travel through the intervening space in straight lines and strike a cold object.
3. Waves are absorbed by the body and converted back to thermal energy or heat.
TRANSMISSION, ABSORPTIVITY,
REFLECTIVITY

BODY

Opaque 0
Transparen 1 0 0
t
Gray Uniform for all wavelengths
White 0 0 1
Black 0 1 0
BLACK BODY
An idealized physical
body that absorbs all
incident electromagnetic
radiation, regardless of
frequency or angle of
incidence
EMISSIVITY

The ratio of a surface's ability to emit radiant energy compared with the ability of a perfect black
body of the same area at the same temperature
Perfect reflectors:
Perfect absorbers:
Low for polished metal surface and high for oxidized metal surfaces
EMISSIVITY
RADIATION POWER

where:
STEFAN-BOLTZMANN LAW

The total radiant heat energy area emitted from a surface is proportional to the fourth power of its
absolute temperature

For a body with surface area A,


where

NOTE: FOR BLACK BODIES ONLY!!!



Remember:

Since for a black body,

(for )
Radiation to a Small Object from
Surroundings



Further simplification,

L D
**Uses one emissivity of
the small body at
Combined
Radiation and
Convection Heat
Transfer
When radiation heat transfer occurs from a surface, it is usually
accompanied by convective heat transfer.

Does not apply if surface is in vacuum.

Applies to when radiating surface is at a uniform temperature.


Thus, equations for natural and forced convection could be used,
and radiation heat transfer could be solved by the Stefan-
Boltzmann equation.

Total rate of heat transfer is equal to the sum of both convection


and radiation.
Effect of Radiation on
Temperature
Measurement of a Gas
Effect of Radiation on Temperature
Measurement of a Gas
A thermocouple measuring the temperature of a gas flowing in a pipe
Factors that affect Temperature
Reading
Radiative Heat Transfer between the sensor and its surrounding objects (wall)
Convective Heat Transfer between the Sensor and the Gas
Conductive heat Transfer from the Sensor to the Sensor Supports
Gas Velocities
Response time of the Sensor
Equation:
Recall: For Combined Radiation and Convection Heat Transfer
Problem 4.10-1
GIVEN :

= 0.46
= 0.60
REQUIRED:
Q=???
SOLUTION:
Using Equation 4.10-1:

Since:

Where:

Substituting given values:


Problem 4.10-3
A horizontal oxidized steel pipe is carrying steam and having an OD (outer
diameter) of 0.1683 m has a surface temperature of 374.9 K and is exposed to air
at 297.1 K in a large enclosure. Calculate the heat loss for 0.305 m of pipe from
natural convection plus radiation. For the steel pipe, use an of 0.79.
Given: Required:


where
Sketch:

Solution:

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