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Java 15

Java has evolved significantly over time, growing from 8 packages and 212 classes in version 1.0 to 131 packages and 2656 classes in version 1.5. Some of the major new features introduced in Java 1.5 include generics, autoboxing/unboxing, enumerated types, foreach loops, and the Scanner class.

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Uday Kumar
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63 views

Java 15

Java has evolved significantly over time, growing from 8 packages and 212 classes in version 1.0 to 131 packages and 2656 classes in version 1.5. Some of the major new features introduced in Java 1.5 include generics, autoboxing/unboxing, enumerated types, foreach loops, and the Scanner class.

Uploaded by

Uday Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java 1.

5 New Features
Java 1.0 Java 1.1 Java 1.2 Java 1.3 Java 1.4 Java 1.5
8 packages 23 packages 59 packages 77 packages 103 packages 131 packages
212 classes 504 classes 1520 classes 1595 classes 2175 classes 2656 classes

New Events JFC/Swing JNDI Regular Exp javax.activity,


Logging javax.
Inner class Drag and Java Sound Assertions management
Drop NIO
Object Timer
Serialization Java2D java.nio, javax.imageio,
Jar Files CORBA javax.net, javax.print,
javax.security, org.w3c
International
Reflection javax.naming, javax.sound,
javax.transaction
JDBC
RMI

javax.accessibility, javax.swing, org.omg

java.math, java.rmi, java.security, java.sql, java.text, java.beans

java.applet, java.awt, java.io, java.lang, java.net, java.util


New Features
• Scanner
• Printf
• Autoboxing
• Enumerated Types
• Foreach loop
• Generic Types
Other New Features
• Static import: import static java.Math.*;

• Variable length argument lists.

• Semaphores

• Metadata
java.util.Scanner
Scanner stdin = Scanner.create(System.in);

int n = stdin.nextInt();
String s = stdin.next();

boolean b = stdin.hasNextInt()
printf method
• Similar to C style printf
• Handles
– strings
– native types
– numeric types
– java.util.Date

• See java.util.Formatter for details


Autoboxing/Unboxing
• Wrap ints into Integers
• Extract ints from Integers

This is now legal:


Integer x = 6; //6 is boxed
Integer y = 2*x + 3; //x is unboxed, 15 is boxed

You could hide primitives entirely!


Object Only Performance
int x = 6;
int y = 2*x;

Code:
0: bipush 6
2: istore_1
3: iconst_2
4: iload_1
5: imul
6: istore_2
Object Only Performance
Integer x = 6;
Integer y = 2*x;

Code:
0: bipush 6
2: invokestatic #2;
//Method java/lang/Integer.valueOf:(I)Ljava/lang/Integer;
5: astore_1
6: iconst_2
7: aload_1
8: invokevirtual #3;
//Method java/lang/Integer.intValue:()I
11: imul
12: invokestatic #2;
//Method java/lang/Integer.valueOf:(I)Ljava/lang/Integer;
15: astore_2
Object Only Performance

Integer x = Integer.valueOf(6);
Integer y = Integer.valueOf(2 * x.IntValue);

Generates the same byte code.


Type-safe enum
enum Day { SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY,
WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY,
FRIDAY, SATURDAY }

//used
Day today = Day.WEDNESDAY;

switch(today){
case SUNDAY:
break;
//…
}
More Complex Enum
enum Suit {
CLUBS(Color.BLACK),
DIAMONDS(Color.RED),
HEARTS(Color.RED),
SPADES(Color.BLACK);

private Color color;

Suit(Color color) { this.color = color; }

public Color getColor() { return color; }


}
Generics
ArrayList<Number> list = new
ArrayList<Number>();

list.add(new Integer(5));
list.add(6);
list.add(new Double(3.14159/2));
list.add(new
BigInteger("123456789012301234567890"));
list.add(new Long(127L));

Number n = list.get(i);
Defining Generics
public class GenericStack<T> implements Iterable<T> {
private T[] data; …
public GenericStack() {
data = (T[])new Object[MIN_SIZE]; …
}

public T pop(){ … }
public void push(T item) { … }

public Iterator<T> iterator(){ … } //since it is iterable


}
Defining Generic Iterator
//inner class of GenericStack
private class GenericStackIterator implements Iterator<T> {
int index;
GenericStackTestIterator() {
index = top;
}

public boolean hasNext() { return index >= 0; }


public T next() {
if(index < 0) {
throw new java.util.NoSuchElementException();
}
T item = data[index];
index--;
return item;
}

public void remove() {


throw new UnsupportedOperationException( )
}
}
For each loop (arrays)
double[] array = {2.5, 5.2, 7.9, 4.3, 2.0};

for(double d: array)
{
System.out.println(d);
}

Iterate (forward) through the array without paying


attention to indices.
For each loop (Collections)
ArrayList<Integer> list = new
ArrayList<Integer>();
list.add(7);
list.add(15);
list.add(-67);
for(Integer number: list)
{ System.out.println(number);
}
For each loop enums
for( Suit s: Suit.values()){
System.out.println(s.getColor());
}

values() returns an Iterator for enum types


Wish list
• Preprocessor
– Embedded languages: SQL,
Regular Expression syntax.

• Operator Overloading
– Assignment
– Equality
– [ ] for Lists
Classroom Incorporation
• Investigate use with undergrad.

• Example: Servlets/JSP in Databases


JavaCard in Architecture.

• Metadata for Generating Code in


Compilers
References
• Calvin Austin. J2SE 1.5 in a Nutshell.
http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/releases/j
2se15

• Gilad Bracha. Generics in the Java Programming


Language.
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5/pdf/generics-tutorial.pdf

• David Flanagan. Java in a Nutshell. O’Reilly. 1st, 2nd and


3rd editions.

• Cay Hortsmann and Gary Cornell. Core Java 2. Prentice


Hall.
Examples online

http://cs.gettysburg.edu/~cpresser/java

The latest additions will be made next week


Including this presentation.

email: [email protected]
The End….
No, really.
Stop clicking.
Java History
Java 1.0 8 Packages, 212 Classes
Java 1.1 23 Packages, 504 Classes
– New event model
– Inner classes
– Object Serialization
– JAR files
– Internationalization
– Reflection
– Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
– Remote Method Invocation (RMI)
Java History
Java 1.2 59 Packages, 1520 Classes
– JFC (Swing)
– Drag and Drop
– Java 2D

Java 1.3 77 Packages, 1595 Classes


– Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)
– Java Sound
– Timer class
Java History
Java 1.4 103 Packages, 2175 Classes
– Regular Expressions
– Assertions
– Logging
– New I/O (NIO)

Java 1.5 131 Packages, 2656 Classes


– What, and ruin the surprise?

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