Industrial Safety

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
Measures or techniques implemented to reduce the risk of

injury, loss & danger to persons, property or the
environment in any facility or place involving the
manufacturing, producing and processing of goods or
merchandise.
The issue of industrial safety evolved concurrently with
industrial development in the US
Shift from compensation to prevention as well as toward an
increasing emphasis on addressing the long-term effects of
occupational hazards.
Today, industrial safety is widely regarded as one of the
most important factors that any business, large or small,
must consider in its operations.
Employers are required to compensate employees for work-
related injuries or sickness by paying medical expenses,
disability benefits, and compensation for lost work time.
http://embaitm.blogspot.com 2
In general, workplace hazards can be categorized into three
groups:
1. Chemical hazards- in which the body absorbs toxins.
2. Ergonomic hazards- in which the body is strained or
injured, often over an extended period, because of the
nature (design) of the task, its frequency, or intensity.
3. Physical hazards- in which the worker is exposed to
harmful elements or physical dangers, such as heat or
moving parts.
In the modern context, corporate management increasingly

has viewed industrial safety measures as an investment
one that may save money in the long run by way of
reducing disability pay, improving productivity, and
avoiding lawsuits. http://embaitm.blogspot.com 3
Rather than viewing an injury as a fluke or a random
mistake, management today is more likely to look for
systemic problems, such as:
The way equipment is designed or used;
The way workflow is configured;
How workers are trained;
Whether there is a gap between official policies and
employee practices.
INTRODUCTION TO OSHA
First comprehensive industrial safety legislation passed at

the federal level was Occupational Safety and Health Act of
1970
The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHAct) of 1970
was passed by Congress "to assure so far as possible every
working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful
working conditions and to preserve our human resources."
OSHA was established within the Department of Labor and
was authorized to regulate health and safety conditions for
all employers with few exceptions.
Includes safety standards, designed to prevent accidents,
and health standards, designed to protect against exposure
to toxins and to address the more long-term effects of
occupational hazards.
Purpose:
encourage employers and employees to reduce workplace

hazards and to implement new or improve existing safety
and health standards;
provide for research in occupational safety and health and
develop innovative ways of dealing with occupational
safety and health problems;
establish "separate but dependent responsibilities and
rights" for employers and employees for the achievement
of better safety and health conditions;
maintain a reporting and recordkeeping system to monitor
job-related injuries and illnesses;
establish training programs to increase the number and
competence of occupational safety and health personnel;
and,
Types Of Inspection carried by OSHA (based on
priority):
Imminent Danger: Condition where there is reasonable

certainty that a danger exists that can be expected to
cause death or serious physical harm immediately or before
the danger can be eliminated through normal enforcement
procedures.
Catastrophic and Fatal Accidents: Investigation of
fatalities and catastrophes resulting in hospitalization of
three or more employees.
Employee Complaints: Each employee has the right to
request an OSHA inspection when the employee feels that
he or she is in imminent danger from a hazard or when he
or she feels that there is a violation of an OSHA standard
that threatens physical harm
Programmed High Hazard Inspections: OSHA
establishes programs of inspection aimed at specific high
hazard industries, occupations, or health hazards.
Re-inspections: Establishments cited for alleged serious
Citation & Penalties:
Other than serious violation - A violation that has a

direct relationship to job safety and health, but probably
would not cause death or serious physical harm. The
maximum proposed penalty for this type of violation is
$7000.
Serious violation - A violation where there is substantial
probability that death or serious physical harm could result,
and that the employer knew, or should have known, of the
hazard. The maximum proposed penalty for this type of
violation is $7000. Imminent danger situations are also
cited and penalized as serious violations.
Repeated violation - A violation of any standard,
regulation, rule, or order where, upon re-inspection,
another violation of the same previously cited section is
found. Repeated violations can bring fines of up to $70,000.
Citation & Penalties (contd):
Willful violation - A violation that the employer

intentionally and knowingly commits. The employer either
knows that the operation constitutes a violation, or is aware
that a hazardous condition exists and made no reasonable
effort to eliminate it. The penalty range for this type of
violation is $5000 to $70,000.
Failure to Abate - Failure to correct any violations may
bring civil penalties of up to $7000 per day for every day
the violation continues beyond the prescribed abatement
date.
Safety Signs & Symbols
A visual alerting device in the form of a sign,
label, decal, placard or other marking which
advises the observer of the nature and degree
of the potential hazard(s) which can cause an
accident. It may also provide other directions
to eliminate or reduce the hazard and advise
of the probable consequences of no avoiding
the hazard.
Categories of Safety Signs
Environmental safety sign
Sign or placard in a work or public area that
provides safety information about the immediate
environment.
Product safety sign

Sign, label, or decal affixed to a product
that provides hazard and safety information
about that product.
Safety Signs
CAUTION: Potentially hazardous situation which,
if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate
injury.
DANGER: Imminently hazardous situation which,

if not avoided, will result in death or serious
injury.
NOTICE: Signs used to indicate a statement of

company policy or information indirectly related
to the safety of personnel or protection of
Thermal Safety
This symbol appears
as a reminder to use
caution when
handling hot objects.
Eye Safety
This symbol appears
when a danger to the
eyes exists. Safety
goggles should be worn
when this symbol
Fire Safety
appears.
This symbol appears
when care should be
taken around open
flames.
Safety Symbols
SAFETY ISSUES
Although safety equipment is useful and can save a trip to

the hospital, it is the responsibility of every employee to
pitch in to help with safety issues.
Safety issues can occur in any situation including:
Trespassers committing vandalism

Sabotage or setting fire for fun
Workplace
violence Protesters intruding into the plant
Theft (different
motivations) Bomb threats
Fraud Workplace drug crime
Product
contamination Theft of confidential information
Infiltration by
adversaries computer hacking
Management issues includes
security policy
internal and external collaboration,
incident reporting and analysis,
employee and contractor training and security
awareness,
investigations of suspicious incidents and security
breaches,
Emergency response and crisis management
Periodic reassessment
Physical security includes
Access control
Perimeter protection (keeping intruders offsite)
Security officers
Backup systems
Other measures, such as entering post control etc
Information, Computer and network security:

o Operations security
o Spoken information security
o Computer and network security
o Audits and investigation
SAFETY ACCIDENTS
Industrial Reason Impact

Accidents
Chernobyl Inadequate $ 200 Billion
Nuclear knowledge of More then 1 Lakh
Plant, process as people affected
Ukraine well as safety
parameters
Bhopal Negligence in $ 500 Million
Gas safety More then 20,000
Tragedy, people affected
India
Industrial Reason Impact
Accidents
Jaipur Oil Improper Destruction of oil
Tank Farm maintanance worth Millions
Fire (India of pressure 11 fatalities
July 3, vessels &
2010) safety release
valves.
TOOLS ENSURING SAFETY
1. Risk Assessment:
a step in a risk management procedure.
Risk assessment is the determination of quantitative or
qualitative value of risk related to a concrete situation
and a recognized threat (also called hazard).
Quantitative risk assessment requires calculations of two
components of risk:
R, the magnitude of the potential loss L, and
P, the probability that the loss will occur.
2. Emergency Management / Disaster Management
It is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks.
It is a discipline that involves preparing for disaster
before it occurs, disaster response (e.g., emergency
evacuation, quarantine, mass decontamination, etc.), and
supporting, and rebuilding society after natural or human-
made disasters have occurred.
In general, any Emergency management is the
continuous process by which all individuals, groups, and
communities manage hazards in an effort to avoid or
ameliorate the impact of disasters resulting from the
hazards. Actions taken depend in part on perceptions of
risk of those exposed.
effective emergency management relies on thorough
integration of emergency plans at all levels of
government and non-government involvement.
Activities at each level (individual, group, community)
affect the other levels.
It is common to place the responsibility for governmental
emergency management with the institutions for civil
defense or within the conventional structure of the
emergency services.
However, emergency management actually starts at the
lowest level and only increases to the next higher
organizational level after the current level's resources
have been exhausted.
In the private sector, emergency management is
sometimes referred to as business continuity planning.
3. HAZOP study (hazard and operability study)
It is a structured and systematic examination of a
planned or existing process or operation in order to
identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks
to personnel or equipment, or prevent efficient operation.
The HAZOP technique was initially developed to analyze
chemical process systems, but has later been extended
to other types of systems and also to complex operations
and to software systems.
A HAZOP is a qualitative technique based on guide-words
and is carried out by a multi-disciplinary team (HAZOP
team) during a set of meetings.
4. General Public Awareness
To maximize public awareness and support for your community AED
program, you may need to develop a campaign directed
both at the grassroots level and at the political decision-
maker level.
success will depend on how effective you are at bringing
the media into your campaign as allies.
Developing a public awareness and support campaign
entails these steps:
a. Establish an AED task force
b. Frame your issues
c. Develop a statement of need
d. Promote media coverage
e. Lobby local political leaders
NEGLIGENCE OF SAFETY- REDUCED PROFITS
Safety Incidents necessitates Indirect costs
Interruption
Morale effect
Investigation
Corrective Action
Environmental
Damage
Social Impact
IMPLEMENT SAFETY A WIN WIN SITUATION
Safety Practices Return on Investment
Reduced Reduced Liability &

Insurance Worker Litigation
Premium Compensation Expense
Worker Morale
Increased
Productivity Decrease in absenteeism
Equipment downtime
SAFETY IS EFFICIENCY
Safety Practices Return on Investment
Safety Management = Risk Management
Risk Control Cost Control
Cost Control Efficiency
Efficiency = Productivity
Productivity = Profit
CONCLUSION
Policy are in place but lacks implementation. Its the time

that principles laid down must be transformed into action,
action must deliver result and progress towards result must
be measurable.
Be Aware, Be Alert & Be Alive

Industrial Safety

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INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

Measures or techniques implemented to reduce the risk of

In the modern context, corporate management increasingly

First comprehensive industrial safety legislation passed at

encourage employers and employees to reduce workplace

Imminent Danger: Condition where there is reasonable

Other than serious violation - A violation that has a

Willful violation - A violation that the employer

Product safety sign

DANGER: Imminently hazardous situation which,

NOTICE: Signs used to indicate a statement of

Although safety equipment is useful and can save a trip to

Trespassers committing vandalism

Information, Computer and network security:

Industrial Reason Impact

Reduced Reduced Liability &

Safety Management = Risk Management

Risk Control Cost Control

Cost Control Efficiency

Policy are in place but lacks implementation. Its the time

Be Aware, Be Alert & Be Alive

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