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    Optical Engineering: by B Suresh Department of ECE

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    Satyam Lala
    This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on optical engineering and optical fibers. It begins with an overview of the basics of light, including that it is an electromagnetic radiation with electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to the direction of propagation. It then covers ray theory of light, including the laws of reflection and refraction. The document defines refractive index and discusses how it relates to the speed of light in a medium. It also covers total internal reflection, acceptance angle, numerical aperture, and coupling laser light to an optical fiber.

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    Optical Engineering: by B Suresh Department of ECE

    Uploaded by

    Satyam Lala
    24 views26 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on optical engineering and optical fibers. It begins with an overview of the basics of light, including that it is an electromagnetic radiation with electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to the direction of propagation. It then covers ray theory of light, including the laws of reflection and refraction. The document defines refractive index and discusses how it relates to the speed of light in a medium. It also covers total internal reflection, acceptance angle, numerical aperture, and coupling laser light to an optical fiber.

    Original Description:

    OPTICALL

    Original Title

    Lecture 2

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    This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on optical engineering and optical fibers. It begins with an overview of the basics of light, including that it is an electromagnetic radiation with electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to the direction of propagation. It then covers ray theory of light, including the laws of reflection and refraction. The document defines refractive index and discusses how it relates to the speed of light in a medium. It also covers total internal reflection, acceptance angle, numerical aperture, and coupling laser light to an optical fiber.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views26 pages

    Optical Engineering: by B Suresh Department of ECE

    Uploaded by

    Satyam Lala
    This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on optical engineering and optical fibers. It begins with an overview of the basics of light, including that it is an electromagnetic radiation with electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to the direction of propagation. It then covers ray theory of light, including the laws of reflection and refraction. The document defines refractive index and discusses how it relates to the speed of light in a medium. It also covers total internal reflection, acceptance angle, numerical aperture, and coupling laser light to an optical fiber.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Optical Engineering

    By
    B Suresh
    Department of ECE

    KL
    University
    Lecture 3
    Optical Fibers
    Basics of Light
    Light is an electromagnetic radiation, in which
    electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to
    each other and propagation of light is
    perpendicular to both electric and magnetic field.

    Characteristics of Light:
    Intensity
    Wavelength (Color)
    Spectral width (Purity of color)
    Polarization : Linear, Circular, Elliptical, Random
    Basics of Light..
    Theories:

    Ray Theory
    Wave Theory
    Particle Theory
    Ray theory of Light
    Ray theory of Light
    In many applications of interest the wavelength of
    light is
    short compared with the relevant length scales of the
    optical
    components or system (e.g. mirrors, prisms, lenses).

    This branch of optics is referred to as Ray optics or


    Geometrical Optics, where energy of light is
    Ray theory of Light..
    Law of Ray optics :
    a) Light ray travels in a straight line in
    homogenous medium.
    b) When there is change of medium in the
    propagation of light ray, there is reflection and
    refraction of light happens at the boundry of
    medium.
    Ray theory of Light..
    Law of Reflection: Incident ray, reflected ray
    and normal of the incident surface must lie in
    one plane and the angle of reflection must be
    equal to angle of incident.
    Ray theory of Light..
    Law of Refraction: Incident ray, refracted ray and
    normal of the incident surface must lie in one plane and
    the angle of incidence 1 and the angle of refraction 2
    are related to each other, and to the refractive indices of
    the medium by Snells law of refraction:
    Ray theory of Light..
    Refractive index: A number that describes
    how light, or any other radiation, propagates
    through that medium.
    V = C/n
    For any medium n1
    For Water, n = 1.33
    Glass, n = 1.45~1.48
    Ray theory of Light..
    Refractive index: A number that describes
    how light, or any other radiation, propagates
    through that medium.
    V = C/n
    For any medium n1
    For Water, n = 1.33
    Glass, n = 1.45~1.48
    Critical Angle
    Snells Law:
    when, n1>n2 ;
    Total Internal Reflection
    Optical Fibers
    Core and cladding are made of silica(glass) or plastic.

    Buffer coating is made of plastic:


    - Provides mechanical strength to fiber
    - Provides isolation from environment

    Diameter: Refractive index :


    1. Core: 8m 1. Core: 1.45~1.5
    2. Cladding: 125m 2. Cladding: 1.4~1.44
    3. Buffer: 250m
    Optical Fibers

    Both core and cladding are transparent to visible


    and near IR wavelengths

    Higher core refractive index is obtained by doping


    silica with GeO2
    Light ray guiding condition
    Acceptance Angle
    Maximum incident angle of a ray at normal to the
    core-air boundary of fiber that can be allowed to
    propagate inside the fiber by total internal reflection,
    is called Acceptance angle.
    Acceptance Angle..
    Numerical Aperture
    Ability of fiber to gather the light from the source
    and is defined as :

    For air : na = 1

    So, Mathematically, Numerical aperture is defined as


    a sine of acceptance angle for air medium.
    Numerical Aperture..
    Numerical Aperture..
    Is Large NA possible?
    Some facts about NA
    e.g. What is the fiber acceptance
    angle when n1 = 1.46 and
    n2 = 1.44?
    c = sin-1 (n2/n1) = 80.5o => c =
    90o - c = 9.5o
    using sin a = n1 sin c (taking na =
    1)
    a = sin-1 (n1 sin c) = sin-1 (1.46
    sin 9.5o) ~ 14o
    => the acceptance angle a ~ 14o
    Coupling of Laser to the Fiber

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