Scribd
Upload
69 views13 pages

Optical Engineering: KL University

This document discusses optical fiber engineering and modes of fiber propagation. It addresses the following key points: 1. Optical fibers guide light through total internal reflection between the higher index core and lower index cladding. Increasing the numerical aperture by increasing the core index and decreasing the cladding index is limited by the minimum cladding index of air. 2. Multiple propagation modes in a fiber lead to pulse broadening through intermodal dispersion. Graded index fibers and tailored index profiles can help reduce this effect. 3. Fiber types are classified by their propagation mode (single mode or multimode) and refractive index profile (step index or graded index). Graded index fibers reduce intermodal dispersion compared to

Uploaded by

Satyam Lala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
69 views13 pages

Optical Engineering: KL University

This document discusses optical fiber engineering and modes of fiber propagation. It addresses the following key points: 1. Optical fibers guide light through total internal reflection between the higher index core and lower index cladding. Increasing the numerical aperture by increasing the core index and decreasing the cladding index is limited by the minimum cladding index of air. 2. Multiple propagation modes in a fiber lead to pulse broadening through intermodal dispersion. Graded index fibers and tailored index profiles can help reduce this effect. 3. Fiber types are classified by their propagation mode (single mode or multimode) and refractive index profile (step index or graded index). Graded index fibers reduce intermodal dispersion compared to

Uploaded by

Satyam Lala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Optical Engineering

By
B Suresh

Department of ECE

KL
University
Lecture 4
Modes of Fiber
Can =1 possible?

Why not we increase NA by increasing n1


and decreasing n2 ?

Minimum value of n2 = 1 (for air)


So, What is the use of cladding?
Can =1 possible?

Any ray launched inside the acceptance
cone will get totally internally reflected and
hence guided in the medium.

If we launch a pulse, the pulse energy


divided into different rays and travel
different distances before reaching to the
end of fiber
Can =1 possible?

(-)

BW = 1/

For high data rate, broadening should be


as small as possible.
As , so must be minimum.
i.e.,
Broadening of pulse is called Dispersion
Can =1 possible?

So,

For sensors : must be maximum


For communication : must be
minimum.
i.e. -

Calculate the BW for


= where, L = 100Km, = 1.5
Modes of fiber
Number of ray of a particular pulse a
fiber can guide is called Modes of fiber
or propagation mode

Mode describes the distribution of


light(pulse) energy across the fiber.

Broadening of pulse due to different


modes of propagation is called Inter-
modal dispersion.
How to reduce the Modes of fiber?
Types of fiber

Optical fiber can be divided into the


basis of
a) Mode of propagation: Single mode
and
Multi mode
b) Optical Fiber Index Profile
Optical Fiber Index Profile

Index profile is the refractive index


distribution across the core and the cladding
of a fiber.
Step-index fiber: The core has one
uniformly distributed index and
the cladding has a lower uniformly
distributed index.
Optical Fiber Index Profile

Graded index fiber:


Refractive index varies gradually
as a function of radial distance
from the fiber center.
E.g. Power-law index profiles
and parabolic index profiles.

Application: To reduce the


Pulse broadening due to
inter-modal dispersion.
Optical Fiber Index Profile
Tailored Profiles:
Types of fiber

You might also like