Chapter - 11: Force and Pressure
Chapter - 11: Force and Pressure
Chapter - 11: Force and Pressure
F1
F2
Net force = F1 + F2
b) If two forces act on a body in opposite directions, the net force is
the difference between the two forces.
F1 F2
Net force = F2 F1
The effect on the object depends on the net force acting on it.
4) Effects of force on an object :-
i) Force can make an object to move from rest.
ii) Force can stop a moving object.
iii) Force can change the speed of an object if it is
moving.
iv) Force can change the direction of a motion of an
object.
v) Force can change the shape of an object.
Force may cause one or more of these effects.
5) Types of forces :-
There are two main types of forces They are :-
i) Contact forces
ii) Non contact forces
Contact forces :- are forces exerted by one object on another
when they are in contact with each other.
Contact forces are of two types. They are :-
i) Muscular force
ii) Force of friction
Non contact forces :- are forces exerted by one object on
another without any contact with each other.
Non contact forces are of three types. They are :-
i) Magnetic force
ii) Electrostatic force
iii) Gravitational force
6) Contact forces :-
i) Muscular force :-
Muscular force is the force exerted by the muscles of our body.
We use muscular force for our various activities.
Animals like bullocks, horses, camels, donkeys, elephants also
use muscular force to perform various tasks.
ii) Force of friction :-
Force of friction is the force which opposes the motion of an object
over a surface.
Eg :- A ball rolling on ground gradually slows down and comes to
rest due to force of friction.
If we stop pedalling a bicycle, it gradually slows down and
comes to a stop due to force of friction.
7) Non contact forces :-
i) Magnetic force :-
Magnetic force is the force exerted by magnets.
Eg :- Force of attraction and repulsion between two magnets.
Force exerted by a magnet on a piece of iron or steel.
ii) Electrostatic force :-
Rubber balloon
10) Pressure exerted by gases :-
Gases exert pressure on the walls of a container.
11) Atmospheric pressure :-
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure of air around us.
Atmospheric pressure is due to the weight of air.
The weight of an air column of the height of the
of the atmosphere and area 10 cm x 10 cm is as
Air column
10 cm
10 cm