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Problem Solving Methods-Alternative Presentation Simple

This document outlines several problem solving methods including: - Appreciation process which involves repeatedly asking "So what?" to uncover all implications of a fact. - Root cause analysis tools like Ishikawa diagrams, 5 Whys, and cause-and-effect diagrams to identify the underlying causes of problems. - Cause-and-effect diagrams (also called fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams) map the relationship between causes and effects in a graphical way to help uncover root causes. - 5 Whys involves repeatedly asking "Why?" to peel back the layers of symptoms and uncover the root cause, with 5 iterations typically sufficient but sometimes more or fewer "Whys" are needed.

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151 views18 pages

Problem Solving Methods-Alternative Presentation Simple

This document outlines several problem solving methods including: - Appreciation process which involves repeatedly asking "So what?" to uncover all implications of a fact. - Root cause analysis tools like Ishikawa diagrams, 5 Whys, and cause-and-effect diagrams to identify the underlying causes of problems. - Cause-and-effect diagrams (also called fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams) map the relationship between causes and effects in a graphical way to help uncover root causes. - 5 Whys involves repeatedly asking "Why?" to peel back the layers of symptoms and uncover the root cause, with 5 iterations typically sufficient but sometimes more or fewer "Whys" are needed.

Uploaded by

smhilez
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROBLEM SOLVING

METHODS
What is a Problem?
A problem is the difference between the actual state
and desired state.

It refers to actual condition or issue that is yet


unresolved.
What is Problem
Solving?
Problem solving is a tool, a skill and a process.
It is a tool because it can help you to solve an
immediate problem or to achieve a goal.
It is a skill because once you have learned it you can
use it repeatedly, like the ability to ride a bicycle, add
numbers or speak a language.
It is also a process because it involves a number of
steps.
METHODS
APPRECIATION PROCESS
Understanding the Full Implications of a Fact

Originally developed by the military to give leaders a


better understanding of a fact, statement or problem
that they were faced with.

Helps uncover factors that might have been


ordinarily missed.

Very useful for brainstorming solutions to problems.


METHODS
APPRECIATION PROCESS
Understanding the Full Implications of a Fact

USES
To use Appreciation, start by asking "So what?"
repeatedly in order to extract all important
information implied by a fact.

Appreciation is similar to the 5 Whys Analysis.

This method can be used in conjunction with Root


Cause Analysis or Cause and Effect Analysis.
METHODS
METHODS
Example of Drill Down:
ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS
- if removal thereof from the problem-fault-sequence prevents the
final undesirable event from recurring;
- whereas a causal factor is one that affects an event's outcome,
but is not a root cause. Though removing a causal factor can
benefit an outcome, it does not prevent its recurrence with
certainty

Root Cause analysis Tools:


Ishikawa Charts (Fish Bone)
5 Whys
Design of Experiments
Is / Is not Analysis
Cause & Effect Diagram.
Statistical Data Analysis (Cpk, Paretto Charts, Anova,etc)
METHODS
CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAMS
Related variants: Fishbone Diagrams, Ishikawa
Diagrams, Herringbone Diagrams, and Fishikawa
Diagrams
Identifying likely causes of problems

Devised by professor Kaoru Ishikawa, a pioneer of


quality management, (1960).

The technique was then published in his 1990 book,


"Introduction to Quality Control."
METHODS
CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAMS
Identifying likely causes of problems

Diagrams are known as Ishikawa Diagrams or Fishbone


Diagrams (because a completed diagram can look like the
skeleton of a fish).
Although it was originally developed as a quality control
tool, it can still be used just as well in other ways. For
instance, it can be used to:
o Discover the root cause of a problem.
o Uncover bottlenecks in your processes.
o Identify where and why a process isn't working.
METHODS
HOW TO USE CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAMS
Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA)
PDCA Example: Industrial Application
5 WHYS

By repeatedly asking the question Why (five is a good


rule of thumb)

you can peel away the layers of symptoms which can lead
to the root cause of a problem

Although this technique is called 5 Whys, you may find


that you will need to ask the question fewer or more
times than five before you find the issue related to a
problem.
5 Whys example:
Problem Statement:You are on your way home from work
and your car stops in the middle of the road.
1. Whydid your car stop?
Because it ran out of gas.
2. Whydid it run out of gas?
Because I didnt buy any gas on my way to work.
3. Whydidnt you buy any gas this morning?
Because I didnt have any money.
4. Whydidnt you have any money?
Because I lost it all last night in a poker game.
5. Whydid you lose your money in last nights poker game?
Because Im not very good at bluffing when I dont have
a good hand.
-THE END-
THANK YOU!

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