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Classification of Variables

This document classifies variables according to their functional relationship, continuity of values, scale of measurement, and introduces summation notation. It defines independent and dependent variables, continuous and discrete variables, nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales of measurement. It also presents five theorems about summation notation including properties about adding constants to summations and combining summations.

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Jesselle Celestial
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152 views

Classification of Variables

This document classifies variables according to their functional relationship, continuity of values, scale of measurement, and introduces summation notation. It defines independent and dependent variables, continuous and discrete variables, nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales of measurement. It also presents five theorems about summation notation including properties about adding constants to summations and combining summations.

Uploaded by

Jesselle Celestial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASSIFICATION OF

VARIABLES

Variables can be classified


according to:
FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE - "Explanatory variable"
- is the variable you have control over, what you can
choose and manipulate.
- usually affects the dependent variable.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE "Explained variable"


- the values that result from the independent variables.
- is the presumed effect or response to the change in the
values of independent variables.
CONTINIUTY OF VALUES
CONTINUOUS VARIABLEs
- are variables that take values as whole numbers,
fractions, and decimals.
- is a quantity that has a changing value and any value is
possible.

DISCRETE VARIABLEs
- are variables that take values as whole numbers only.
- values that come from equal-sized intervals.
SCALE OF MEASUREMENT

NOMINAL
- can differentiate one object from another but no
amount of difference them can be determined.

ORDINAL
- the data are presented or arranged in some
specific order or rank.
INTERVAL
- can identify one object from another not only that
of comparison or ranking but we can also specify the
definite amount of difference.

RATIO
- are interval variables, but with the added
condition that 0 (zero) of the measurement indicates
that there is none of that variable.
THE SUMMATION
NOTATION
one of the commonly used
mathematical symbols in statistics, the
uppercase-Greek letter called sigma.
- used as summation operator.
- is the addition version of factorial.
THEOREMS
THEOREM 1.1
If Xk represents the kth term or summand for all values of k
from 1 to n, then
n

X k = X1 + X2 + ... +
Xn
THEOREM 1.2 k=1

If c is any nonzero constant, then


n

c = nc
k=1
THEOREM 1.3
If c is any nonzero constant and p is an integer less
than n, then
n n-p

c c=(np+
= 1)c
k=1 k=0

THEOREM 1.4
If c is any nonzero constant, then
n n

cX k c = Xk
= k=1

k=1

THEOREM 1.5
If a and b are any nonzero constants, then
n n n

(a X k ) = a b Yk
b Yk Xk
k=1 k=1 k=1
PRESENTED BY:

INGALLA, SAMANTHA ABIGAIL M.

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