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    Basic PHP Syntax: Arrays Strings and Regular Expressions

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    shyam
    1. The document discusses PHP arrays and strings. It defines how to create arrays, access elements, and use common array functions like count(), print_r(), sort(). It also covers looping through arrays with foreach. 2. Multidimensional arrays and string functions like strcmp(), strpos(), str_replace() are explained. Regular expressions in PHP are also introduced. 3. Functions in PHP do not specify parameter or return types. Default parameters and returning values are demonstrated. Embedded PHP allows mixing HTML and PHP code through expression blocks like <?php ?> and <?= ?>.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Basic PHP Syntax: Arrays Strings and Regular Expressions

    Uploaded by

    shyam
    151 views21 pages
    1. The document discusses PHP arrays and strings. It defines how to create arrays, access elements, and use common array functions like count(), print_r(), sort(). It also covers looping through arrays with foreach. 2. Multidimensional arrays and string functions like strcmp(), strpos(), str_replace() are explained. Regular expressions in PHP are also introduced. 3. Functions in PHP do not specify parameter or return types. Default parameters and returning values are demonstrated. Embedded PHP allows mixing HTML and PHP code through expression blocks like <?php ?> and <?= ?>.

    Original Title

    07-PHP.pptx

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    1. The document discusses PHP arrays and strings. It defines how to create arrays, access elements, and use common array functions like count(), print_r(), sort(). It also covers looping through arrays with foreach. 2. Multidimensional arrays and string functions like strcmp(), strpos(), str_replace() are explained. Regular expressions in PHP are also introduced. 3. Functions in PHP do not specify parameter or return types. Default parameters and returning values are demonstrated. Embedded PHP allows mixing HTML and PHP code through expression blocks like <?php ?> and <?= ?>.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    151 views21 pages

    Basic PHP Syntax: Arrays Strings and Regular Expressions

    Uploaded by

    shyam
    1. The document discusses PHP arrays and strings. It defines how to create arrays, access elements, and use common array functions like count(), print_r(), sort(). It also covers looping through arrays with foreach. 2. Multidimensional arrays and string functions like strcmp(), strpos(), str_replace() are explained. Regular expressions in PHP are also introduced. 3. Functions in PHP do not specify parameter or return types. Default parameters and returning values are demonstrated. Embedded PHP allows mixing HTML and PHP code through expression blocks like <?php ?> and <?= ?>.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    1 Basic PHP Syntax

    Arrays
    Strings and regular expressions

    CS380
    Arrays
    2

    $name = array(); # create


    $name = array(value0, value1, ..., valueN);
    $name[index] # get element value
    $name[index] = value; # set element value
    $name[] = value; # append PHP

    $a = array(); # empty array (length 0)


    $a[0] = 23; # stores 23 at index 0 (length 1)
    $a2 = array("some", "strings", "in", "an", "array");
    $a2[] = "Ooh!"; # add string to end (at index 5)
    PHP

    Append: use bracket notation without specifying


    an index
    Element type is not specified; can mix types
    CS380
    Array functions
    3

    function name(s) description


    number of elements in the
    count
    array
    print_r print array's contents
    array_pop, array_push, using array as a
    array_shift, array_unshift stack/queue
    in_array, array_search,
    array_reverse, searching and reordering
    sort, rsort, shuffle
    array_fill, array_merge,
    array_intersect,
    creating, filling, filtering
    array_dif, array_slice,
    range
    array_sum, array_product,
    Array function example
    4

    $tas = array("MD", "BH", "KK", "HM", "JP");


    for ($i = 0; $i < count($tas); $i++) {
    $tas[$i] = strtolower($tas[$i]);
    }
    $morgan = array_shift($tas);
    array_pop($tas);
    array_push($tas, "ms");
    array_reverse($tas);
    sort($tas);
    $best = array_slice($tas, 1, 2);
    PHP

    the array in PHP replaces many other collections


    in Java

    CS380
    list, stack, queue, set, map, ...
    foreach loop
    5

    foreach ($array as $variableName) {


    ...
    } PHP

    $fellowship = array(Frodo", Sam", Gandalf",


    Strider", Gimli", Legolas", Boromir");
    print The fellowship of the ring members are: \n";
    for ($i = 0; $i < count($fellowship); $i++) {
    print "{$fellowship[$i]}\n";
    }
    print The fellowship of the ring members are: \n";

    foreach ($fellowship as $fellow) {


    print "$fellow\n";
    } PHP
    CS380
    Multidimensional Arrays
    6

    <?php $AmazonProducts = array( array(BOOK",


    "Books", 50),
    array("DVDs", Movies", 15),
    array(CDs", Music", 20)
    );
    for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) {
    for ($column = 0; $column < 3; $column++) { ?>
    <p> | <?= $AmazonProducts[$row][$column] ?>
    <?php } ?>
    </p>
    <?php } ?>
    PHP

    CS380
    Multidimensional Arrays
    7
    (cont.)
    <?php $AmazonProducts = array( array(Code =>BOOK",
    Description => "Books", Price => 50),
    array(Code => "DVDs", Description
    => Movies", Price => 15),
    array(Code => CDs", Description
    => Music", Price => 20)
    );
    for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { ?>
    <p> | <?= $AmazonProducts[$row][Code] ?> | <?=
    $AmazonProducts[$row][Description] ?> | <?=
    $AmazonProducts[$row][Price] ?>
    </p>
    <?php } ?>
    PHP

    CS380
    String compare functions
    8

    Name Function
    strcmp compareTo
    find string/char within a
    strstr, strchr
    string
    find numerical position of
    strpos
    string
    str_replace,
    Comparison can be: replace string
    substr_replace
    Partial matches
    Others
    Variations with non case sensitive
    functions
    String compare functions
    9
    examples
    $offensive = array( offensive word1, offensive
    word2);
    $feedback = str_replace($offcolor, %!@*,
    $feedback);
    PHP

    $test = Hello World! \n;


    print strpos($test, o);
    print strpos($test, o, 5); PHP

    $toaddress = [email protected];
    if(strstr($feedback, shop)
    $toaddress = [email protected];
    else if(strstr($feedback, delivery)
    $toaddress = [email protected];
    CS380 PHP
    Regular expressions
    10

    [a-z]at #cat, rat, bat


    [aeiou]
    [a-zA-Z]
    [^a-z] #not a-z
    [[:alnum:]]+ #at least one alphanumeric char
    (very) *large #large, very very very large
    (very){1, 3} #counting very up to 3
    ^bob #bob at the beginning
    com$ #com at the end PHPRegExp

    Regular expression: a pattern in a piece of text


    PHP has:
    POSIX
    Perl regular expressions
    CS380
    11 Embedded PHP

    CS380
    Printing HTML tags in PHP =
    12
    bad style
    <?php
    print "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML
    1.1//EN\"\n";
    print
    " \"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd\">\n";
    print "<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">\n";
    print " <head>\n";
    print " <title>Geneva's web page</title>\n";
    ...
    for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) {
    print "<p> I can count to $i! </p>\n";
    }
    ?> HTML
    best PHP style is to minimize print/echo
    statements in embedded PHP code
    but without print, how do we insert dynamic
    content into the page?
    PHP expression blocks
    13

    <?= expression ?> PHP

    <h2> The answer is <?= 6 * 7 ?> </h2>


    PHP

    The answer is 42
    output

    PHP expression block: a small piece of PHP that


    evaluates and embeds an expression's value into
    HTML
    <?php<?=
    expression
    print ?> is?>
    expression; equivalent to:
    PHP
    CS380
    Expression block example
    14

    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"


    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head><title>CSE 190 M: Embedded PHP</title></head>
    <body>
    <?php
    for ($i = 99; $i >= 1; $i--) {
    ?>
    <p> <?= $i ?> bottles of beer on the wall, <br />
    <?= $i ?> bottles of beer. <br />
    Take one down, pass it around, <br />
    <?= $i - 1 ?> bottles of beer on the wall. </p>
    <?php
    }
    ?>
    </body>
    </html> PHP
    Common errors: unclosed
    15
    braces, missing = sign
    ...
    <body>
    <p>Watch how high I can count:
    <?php
    for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) {
    ?>
    <? $i ?>
    </p>
    </body>
    </html> PHP
    if you forget to close your braces, you'll see an
    error about 'unexpected $end'
    if you forget = in <?=, the expression does not
    produce any output
    CS380
    Complex expression blocks
    16

    ...
    <body>
    <?php
    for ($i = 1; $i <= 3; $i++) {
    ?>
    <h<?= $i ?>>This is a level <?= $i ?>
    heading.</h<?= $i ?>>
    <?php
    }
    ?>
    </body> PHP

    This is a level 1 heading.


    This is a level 2 heading.
    This is a level 3 heading. output
    CS380
    17 Advanced PHP Syntax
    Functions

    CS380
    Functions
    18

    function name(parameterName, ..., parameterName) {


    statements;
    } PHP

    function quadratic($a, $b, $c) {


    return -$b + sqrt($b * $b - 4 * $a * $c) / (2 *
    $a);
    } PHP

    parameter types and return types are not written


    a function with no return statements implicitly
    returns NULL

    CS380
    Default Parameter Values
    19

    function print_separated($str, $separator = ", ") {


    if (strlen($str) > 0) {
    print $str[0];
    for ($i = 1; $i < strlen($str); $i++) {
    print $separator . $str[$i];
    }
    }
    } PHP

    print_separated("hello"); # h, e, l, l, o
    print_separated("hello", "-"); # h-e-l-l-o
    PHP

    if no value is passed, the default will be used

    CS380
    PHP Arrays Ex. 1
    20

    Arrays allow you to assign multiple values to one


    variable. For this PHP exercise, write an array
    variable of weather conditions with the following
    values: rain, sunshine, clouds, hail, sleet, snow,
    wind. Using the array variable for all the weather
    conditions, echo the following statement to the
    browser:
    We've seen all kinds of weather this month. At the
    beginning of the month, we had snow and wind.
    Then came sunshine with a few clouds and some
    rain. At least we didn't get any hail or sleet.
    Don't forget to include a title for your page, both

    in the header and on the page itself.


    CS380
    PHP Arrays Ex. 2
    21

    For this exercise, you will use a list of ten of the


    largest cities in the world. (Please note, these are
    not the ten largest, just a selection of ten from
    the largest cities.) Create an array with the
    following values:Tokyo, Mexico City, New York
    City, Mumbai, Seoul, Shanghai, Lagos, Buenos
    Aires, Cairo, London.
    Print these values to the browser separated by

    commas, using a loop to iterate over the array.


    Sort the array, then print the values to the
    browser in an unordered list, again using a loop.
    Add the following cities to the array:Los Angeles,

    Calcutta, Osaka, Beijing. Sort the array again,


    CS380

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