This document provides an overview of lung anatomy and physiology. It describes the parts of the lung including the pleura, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. It explains oxygen exchange through the alveoli and capillaries. Key concepts covered include inspiration and expiration, lung volumes such as tidal volume and residual volume, and the roles of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in breathing. Blood, nerve, and lymph supply to the lungs are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of lung anatomy and physiology. It describes the parts of the lung including the pleura, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. It explains oxygen exchange through the alveoli and capillaries. Key concepts covered include inspiration and expiration, lung volumes such as tidal volume and residual volume, and the roles of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in breathing. Blood, nerve, and lymph supply to the lungs are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of lung anatomy and physiology. It describes the parts of the lung including the pleura, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. It explains oxygen exchange through the alveoli and capillaries. Key concepts covered include inspiration and expiration, lung volumes such as tidal volume and residual volume, and the roles of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in breathing. Blood, nerve, and lymph supply to the lungs are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of lung anatomy and physiology. It describes the parts of the lung including the pleura, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. It explains oxygen exchange through the alveoli and capillaries. Key concepts covered include inspiration and expiration, lung volumes such as tidal volume and residual volume, and the roles of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in breathing. Blood, nerve, and lymph supply to the lungs are also summarized.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 29
Anatomy and Physiology of
the lung Presented by
Mr. G.Suvatharsan
Bsc (Hons) in Nursing, (Post
Registration)
Lincoln University College of
Malasia Learning outcomes
At the end of this session, student will be able to:
Describe the pulmonary blood supply and nerve
supply to interior of the lung
Explain briefly the respiratory cycle: inspiration, expiration and pause
Describe briefly oxygen is inhaled & released from the lungs to
the blood
Briefly explain the terminology of tidal volumes , dead space ,
anatomic dead space , residual volume and inspiratory capacity Parts of the lung Pleura and pleural cavity
Lung
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli The lower respiratory tract Lung Right and left lungs in thoracic cavity,
Divided :Apex, Base,
Costal surface and Medial surface
Right lung three lobes
Left lung - two lobes
Right lung Inferior lobe Superior lobe Middle lobe
Left lung Inferior lobe Superior lobe Apex This is rounded and rises into the root of neck, about 25 cm above middle third of clavicle.
Base Concave and semilunar in shape ,and lies on the thoracic surface of the diaphragm
Costal surface Convex and lies against the costal cartilages, ribs and intercostal cartilage Medial surface concave and has roughly triangular shaped area,called hilum
At the level of the 5th ,6th and 7th T vertebrae.
Structure from root of the lung enter and leave at the hilum
Mediastinum occupied the heart, great vessels, trachea, right and left bronchi, oesophagus, lymph nodes, lymph vessels and nerves
Pulmonary artery ,two pulmonary veins , bronchial artery, lymphatic and
nerve supply Pleura and pleural cavity Epithelial cell membrane
Covered the lung and chest wall
Pleura-two layers
parietal and visceral
Between the layer - serous fluid
( moist , prevent from micro organisms and smoothly breathing) Bronchi
Trachea divides two bronchi at T
5th
Right bronchus- wider , shorter
and more vertical ,
obstructed, and 2.5 cm long,
three lobes
Left bronchus- 5 cm long ,
narrow than right, two lobes Bronchi structure
Lined, ciliated columner epithelium
Sub divided into bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory
bronchioles, alveoli ducts and alveoli
Changes gradually to non- ciliated cuboidal shape cells in distal
bronchioles
Responsive to autonomic nerve & irritation
Blood , nerve & lymph supply to the bronchi
Right- azygos vein
Left superior intercosal vein
Vagus nerve-broncho constraction and dialatation in smooth muscle
Lymph drained from wall of the air passage in a network of lymph
vessels Function of bronchi
Control of air entry by parasympathetic
Warming and humidifying,
Support and patency
Removal of particulate matter
Cough reflex Bronchiole structure
Ciliated columnar
Distal bronchiole- non ciliated cuboidal shape
Responsive to autonomic nerve & irritation
Nerve supply to bronchioles
Parasympathetic bronchoconstruction
Sympathetic- bronchodilatation
Function of bronchiole
Defence against microbes
Warming & humidifying
Prevent dryness Alveoli About 150 million alveoli in adult lung
Simple squamous epithelial
cells in alveoli & alveoli duct
Surrounding dense network of
capillaries for gas exchange Function of alveoli
Gas exchange inhaled oxygen & exhaled carbon dioxide
Defense against microbes
Warming and humidifying
Prevent dryness infection
OXYGEN IS INHALED AND RELEASED FROM THE LUNGS TO THE BLOOD Air reaches the alveoli (air sacs) where oxygen then moves from the air sacs into the capillaries through their thin walls.
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that carry
oxygenated blood to the blood stream that supplies our body.
Carbon dioxides is released from to the lungs and
exhaled. Carbon dioxide moves from capillaries (tiny blood vessels) into the alveoli.
Too much carbon dioxide in the blood result from
hypoventilation (too little breathing).
Too little carbon dioxide in the blood result from
hyperventilation(too much/ rapid breathing)
DLCO is your Diffusion Rate and is measured during
pulmonary function testing. It measures how much oxygen is diffusing (moving) from your lungs into your blood. Normal diffusion rates are 80-120% Oxygen is inhaled and released from the lungs to the blood Oxygen gas exchange Lung volume and capacities
Tidal volume Inspiration or expiration air volume in each breathing( about 500)
Inspiratory reserve volume
Maximum volume of inspiration
Inspiratory capacity Tidal volume plus inspiratory reserved volume
Functional residual capacity
Volume of air remaining in air passage & alveoli of quite inspiration Expiratory reserve volume Largest volume of maximal expiration
Residual volume Volume remaining in lungs after forced expiration
Vital capacity Maximum volume of moved into and out of lungs Muscle of breathing
Normal quite breathing
Inter costal muscle & diaphragm
Difficulty in breathing Muscle of neck, abdomen and shoulder Inter costal muscle
11 pairs inter costal muscle between 12 pairs ribs in each side
There are two layer inter costal muscle
1.external inter costal muscle fibres
2.internal inter costal muscle fibres
Inhalation and Exhalaion Diaphragm
Dome shaped,
Separating the thoracic and abdominal
cavity,
Phrenic nerve supply
Cycle of breathing
Inspiration Expiration Pause
Normal respiratory rate for adult-12 -15 /min
Child respiratory rate changing with their age Thank you Mr .G. Suvatharsan
