Constructivist Approach

Allows learners to be active in the process

of constructing meaning and knowledge.
Fosters critical thinking and provides
learners with a learning environment that
helps them make connections with their
learning.
 Strategies that promotes
CONSTRUCTIVISM
1. Thinking Skills Strategies
-are strategies that strive to improve
achievement by consciously developing
learners ability to consider ideas, analyze
perspectives, solve problems, and make
decisions on their own.
5 Critical Thinking Strategies.mp4
Suggested activities for
Thinking Strategies

1. The RFMD Activity

Recall (Past Experience)
Model (Follow Procedures/Steps)
Familiarize (Repeat the
Performance/Scaffolding)
Decide (Form a conclusion)
Strategies that promote
Constructivism
2. Activity-Based Strategies
-engages learners in individual or group
experiential learning opportunities such
as purposeful conversation, project
planning, hands on inquiry, analysis
and product creation.
 Activity for Activity-Based
Strategies
The 3 As Activity
Act (Giving simple
workshops/coaching)
Analyze (compare and contrast)
Apply (Use and Implement)
Strategies that promotes
Constructivism
3. Direct Instruction Strategies
-Guides/models the learning in a quickest way
-Basic steps are presenting the material,
explaining, and reinforcing
-Used to teach facts, rules, and action
sequences (Borich, 2001)
How to do Direct Instruction - TeachLikeThis.m
p4
Activity for Direct Instruction
Strategies
Compare and contrast
Demonstrations
Didactic questions ?
Drill and practice
Guides for reading
Page 9 of DO #42, s.
Lecture 2016
The INTEGRATIVE Approach
The INTEGRATIVE LEARNING
Approach
-allows learners to make connections
across curricula, making connections
with a major concept, between
curriculum, co-curriculum, or between
academic knowledge and practice.
 Strategies that promote
Integrative Learning
Approach
1. Scaffold-Knowledge Integration
Strategy
-makes thinking visible.
-Models scientific thinking
Helps students learn from others
-encourage listening to others
-promotes autonomy and lifelong
learning
 Activity for Scaffold-
Integration Strategy
Suggested Activity: The 4As Activity
Activity (Build on students ideas)
Analysis (Make thinking visible)
Abstraction (Encourage listening to others)
Application (Promote autonomy/lifelong
learning)
 Strategies that promote
Integrative Learning
Approach
2. Content-Based Instruction (CBI)
-Features the 6 Ts
Themes- Central ideas that organize
major curricular units
Text-content resources which drive the
basic planning of theme units
Topics are sub-units of content which
explore specific aspects of the theme
Threads-linkages across themes which create
greater curricular coherence
Tasks-Instructional activities and techniques
utilized
Transitions explicitly planned actions which
provide coherence across topics in a theme unit
and across within topics.
Suggested Activity: The 4As
 Strategies that promote
Integrative Learning
Approach
3. Thematic Teaching & Learning By
Design
-integrates basic discipline in all subjects
-acquires knowledge best when learning in
the context of coherent whole and when
they can connect learning to real world.
 Activity for Thematic
teaching and Learning by
Design
The AACE Activity (Kalantris 2007)
Apply (being creative)
Analyze (being critical)
Conceptualize (Design Theory)
Experience (New Concept with
celebration)
Reflective Approach
 The REFLECTIVE Approach
-means looking at what the teacher
and learners do in classroom, thinking
about why they do it, and analyzing
about it if it works. This is a process of
self-evaluation cum self-observation.
Strategies that promote the
REFLECTIVE Approach
1. Self Evaluation and
Self Reflection
-collects information about
what goes on inside the
classroom
-analyzes/evaluates the
obtained information by
teacher and learner
-solicits improvements in
 Activity for self evaluation
strategy
The TTRA Activity
-Think (Analyze patterns occurring during the
teaching-learning process)
- Talk (Self-talk or group talk done by the
teacher or learner)
-Read (finding out or making affirmations
regarding behavioral patterns)
-Ask (post questions to get ideas or
opportunities on an area that interest you to
improve/develop)
 Strategies that promote
Reflective Approach
2. Multimedia
Presentation
- Is the effective use of
instructional materials that utilize
a wide range of electronic media
allowing the learners to reflect
after the teaching learning
process.
 Strategies that promote
Reflective Approach
2. Drill Practice
- Is a technique with emphasis on repetition after
the learners reflect on their skills or learnings.
 Strategies that promote
REFLECTIVE Approach
3. Mental Modelling
- is a strategy intended to enhance learners
ability to direct their own learning after gaining an
insight in any cognitive process or activity.
 Should we consider the
learning style of the
student in the kinds of
activities that they will
do?
 If students
dont learn
the way we
teach, may
be we should
teach them
the way they
learn.
 What do you see?
Cofot

One face or Woman or

two? skull?
Learning Styles
-Focus on individual differences
How one learns from and adapts to
his/her environment. (Gregorc. 1879)
The interaction of ones behavior and
personality as he approaches to a
learning task (Garger & Guild, 1984)
5 Popular Models of Learning
Styles
o Gardners Multiple Intelligences
o Fleming & Mills VARK
o Kolbs Learning Styles Model and
Experiential Learning Theory (ELT)
o Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI) Jung
o Felder-Silverman Index of Learning Styles
(ILS)
 ACTIVE Reflective

try things out, think things

work w/others thru, work alone
Reference: Felder, R.M. 1996. Matters of style. ASEE Prism
6(4), 18-23.
Visual Verbal
graphic
representations of written & spoken
material--pictures, explanations
diagrams, flow charts
Sequential Global
linear, orderly, o holistic,
learn in small systems
thinkers, learn
incremental
in
steps
large leaps
Sensing Intuitive
o concrete, conceptual,
practical, innovative,
oriented oriented
toward facts & toward theories &
procedures meanings
o Visual Tools Help
Everyone
Deeper learning, conceptual understanding
Show BOTH structure of knowledge (big picture) and
integration of its elements
o Better, longer retention + easier retrieval
z Require less working memory, fewer cognitive transformations
z Dual coded in semantic and episodic memory
o Cognitive operations easier
z Easier to locate and extract information
z Easier to draw inference
o Cross-cultural
 Using Best Modality(-ies)
for the Content
For example:
o Using visuals for visual material
o Using experience for learning how
to do something physical
o Using reading & auditory for poetry
o Using many modes for relatively
recent history
Multi-Modal Repetition
o People learn new material best
when they receive it
oMultiple times and
oThrough multiple senses &
modes that use different parts of
their brain
 How can we design
assignments and class
activities to give students
the chance to process
knowledge and skills
through multiple senses
and in multiple modes?
Verbal-Oral and Auditory
Modes
o Lecture & podcasts, if in the right
structure (e.g., stories)
oDiscussion, especially in small
groups; all group work
z Actively devises own way of orally
expressing material
z Listens to own way and others ways
Action/Experiential Mode
Experiential learning
Cases, PBL, inquiry-guided labs & activities
Role plays, simulations, games
Service-learning, field work, field trips
Examples (if relevant to students)
Physical models, analogies,manipulatives
(ex. next side)
Learning objects (animated, interactive)
www.merlot.org
Visual Mode
Flowcharts,
Thinking maps diagrams, graphs
Concept and mind Matrices, tables
maps Pictures, sketches
Graphic syllabus Learning objects
Graphic metaphors (animated)

www.merlot.org
Flow Map - Sequencing
What happened?
What are the sub-
stages?
What is the
sequence of
events?
Causes-&-Effects
Multi-Flow Map
What are the
causes and effects
of this event?
What might
happen next?
 Understandings
Learning should be guaranteed by a teacher in every
topic taught. To attain this, the teacher should use the
appropriate strategies and approaches that considers
the way learners learn.
There are 5 approaches that teachers can use in
teaching a lesson. These are Collaborative,
Constructivism, Integrative, Inquiry-based, and
Reflective approach. Various strategies and activities
can be used by a teacher depending on the learning
styles of the learner.
 Ganito
Yan..!

Group yourselves by subject area of

specialization for high schools and by grade
level for elementary.
Choose one competency from your CG where
you can use the approach assigned to your
group. Demonstrate with the group the