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There are two main types of antennas: wire-type antennas and aperture-type antennas. Wire-type antennas include dipoles, monopoles, loops, and helical antennas. Dipole antennas consist of two conductive elements fed in the center. A half-wave dipole is half the wavelength of the operating frequency. Monopole antennas are mounted over a ground plane and are commonly quarter-wavelength. Folded dipoles have higher input impedance and bandwidth than straight dipoles.

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Mohamed Ahmed Gutale
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103 views21 pages

Slide 6

There are two main types of antennas: wire-type antennas and aperture-type antennas. Wire-type antennas include dipoles, monopoles, loops, and helical antennas. Dipole antennas consist of two conductive elements fed in the center. A half-wave dipole is half the wavelength of the operating frequency. Monopole antennas are mounted over a ground plane and are commonly quarter-wavelength. Folded dipoles have higher input impedance and bandwidth than straight dipoles.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Ahmed Gutale
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Types of Antenna

Outline
Introduction

Types of Antenna
ANTENNA TYPES
They can be categorized by various criteria:

In terms of the bandwidth, antennas can be divided into narrowband


and broadband antennas;

In terms of the polarization, they can be classified as linearly polarized


or circularly polarized antennas (or even elliptically polarized antennas);

In terms of the resonance, they can be grouped as resonant or traveling


wave antennas;

In terms of the number of elements, they can be organizd as element


antennas or antenna arrays.
Classification of Antennas
Wire-Type Antennas Aperture-Type Antennas
Dipoles Horn and open waveguide
Monopoles Reflector antennas
Biconical Slot antennas
Loop antena Microstrip antennas
Helical antennas
Linearly polarised antennas Circularly polarised antennas
Element antennas Antenna array
Narrow-band Broad-band
Transmitting Receiving
ANTENNA TYPES
In this Slide we separate them according to their
physical structures into wire-type antennas and
aperture-type antennas.
Wire-Type Antennas
Wire-type antennas are made of conducting wires and
are generally easy to construct, thus the cost is
normally low. Examples include dipoles, monopoles,
loops, helices, YagiUda and log-periodic antennas
Dipole antenna
As the name suggests the dipole antenna consists of two
terminals or "poles" into which radio frequency current flows.
As seen the antenna consists of a radiating element
that is split, normally in the centre
to allow a feeder to apply power to it
from a transmitter, or to take power from it to a receiver.
is the simplest and most widely used class ofantenna
The dipole antenna consists of two conductive elements such as
metal wires or rods which are fed by a signal source or feed energy
that has been picked up to a receiver.
The dipole was the earliest type of antenna; it was
invented by German physicist Heinrich Hertz around
1886 in his pioneering investigations of radio waves.
short dipole antenna
The short dipole antenna is the simplest of all antennas.
It is simply an open-circuited wire, fed at its center as
shown in Figure 1.

The words "short" or "small" in antenna engineering


always imply "relative to a wavelength".

Figure 1. Short dipole antenna of length L.


Typically, a dipole is short if its length is less than a
tenth of a wavelength:
Directivity and other Properties
of the Short Dipole Antenna

Thedirectivityof short dipole antenna is very low.


This antenna is characterized as omnidirectional.
The polarization of this antenna is linear.
When evaluated in the x-y plane, this antenna would be
described as vertically polarized.
HALF WAVE DIPOLE ANTENNA
The half-wave dipole antenna is just a special case of the dipole
antenna.

Half-wave term means that the length of this dipole antenna is equal to
a half-wavelength at the frequency of operation.

The dipole antenna, is the basis for most antenna designs, is a balanced
component, with equal but opposite voltages and currents applied at its
two terminals through a balanced transmission line.
The half wave dipole is formed from a conducting
element which is wire or metal tube which is an
electrical half wavelength long. It is typically fed in the
centre where the impedance falls to its lowest. In this
way, the antenna consists of the feeder connected to
two quarter wavelength elements in line with each
other.
To make it clear, if the antenna is to radiate at 600 MHz, what
size should the half-wavelength dipole be?
One wavelength at 600 MHz is = c / f = 0.5 meters. Hence,
the half-wavelength dipole antenna's length is 0.25 meters.
The half-wave dipole antenna is as you may expect, a simple
half-wavelength wire fed at the center as shown in Figure
monopole antenna
A monopole antenna is a class of
radio antenna consisting of a straight
rod-shaped conductor, often mounted
perpendicularly over some type of
conductive surface, called a ground
plane.
monopole antenna
The most common or fundamental form is
the quarter-wave monopole, in which the
antenna is approximately 1/4 of a wavelength
of the radio waves. The monopole antenna
was invented in 1895 by radio pioneer
Guglielmo Marconi, for this reason it is
sometimes called a Marconi antenna.
Common types of monopole antenna are the
helical, random wire, umbrella, inverted-L
and T-antenna, mast radiator, and ground
plane antennas.
FOLDED DIPOLE
Folded antenna is a single antenna but it
consists of two elements.
First element is fed directly while second
one is joined at its end.
Radiation pattern of folded dipole is
same as that of dipole antenna i.e figure
of eight.
The folded dipole antenna uses an extra
wire connecting both ends of the
previous dipole as shown.
Advantages of folded dipole
Input impedance of folded dipole is four times higher than that of
straight dipole.
Bandwidth of folded dipole is higher than that of straight dipole.
The picture below
shows four vertically-
polarizedfolded
dipole antennas on
the side of a
communications
tower on the top of
mountain in
Washington State

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