Lecture 38 - Design of Two-Way

Floor Slab System

CEN 347
 Lecture Goals
Direct Design Method
Direct Design Example
 Moment Distribution

The factored components

of the moment for the
beam.
 Transverse Distribution of
Moments
The longitudinal moment values mentioned are for the
entire width of the equivalent building frame. The
width of two half column strips and two half-middle
stripes of adjacent panels.
 Transverse Distribution of
Moments
Transverse distribution
of the longitudinal
moments to middle and
column strips is a
function of the ratio of
length l2/l1,1, and t.
Transverse Distribution of Moments
Transverse distribution of the longitudinal moments to
middle and column strips is a function of the ratio of
length l2/l1,1, and t.
Ecb I b EcbC
1 t
Ecs I s 2 Ecs I s
3
0.63 x x y

C 1
torsional constant
y 3
 Distribution of M0
ACI Sec 13.6.3.4
For spans framing into a common support negative
moment sections shall be designed to resist the larger of
the 2 interior Mus
ACI Sec. 13.6.3.5
Edge beams or edges of slab shall be proportioned to
resist in torsion their share of exterior negative factored
moments
 Factored Moment in Column Strip
Ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to stiffness of slab
in direction l1.
Factored Moment in an Interior
Strip
Factored Moment in an Exterior
Panel
Factored Moment in an Exterior
Panel
 Factored Moment in Column Strip
Ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to stiffness of slab
in direction l1.
t Ratio of torsional stiffness of edge beam to flexural
stiffness of slab(width= to beam length)
 Factored Moment in Column Strip
Ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to stiffness of slab
in direction l1.
t Ratio of torsional stiffness of edge beam to flexural
stiffness of slab(width= to beam length)
 Factored Moment in Column Strip
Ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to stiffness of slab
in direction l1.
 Factored Moments

Factored Moments in beams (ACI Sec. 13.6.3)

Resist a percentage of column strip moment plus
moments due to loads applied directly to beams.
 Factored Moments
Factored Moments in Middle strips (ACI Sec. 13.6.3)

The portion of the + Mu and - Mu not resisted

by column strips shall be proportionately
assigned to corresponding half middle strips.
Each middle strip shall be proportioned to
resist the sum of the moments assigned to its 2
half middle strips.
ACI Provisions for Effects of Pattern Loads

The maximum and minimum bending moments at

the critical sections are obtained by placing the live
load in specific patterns to produce the extreme
values. Placing the live load on all spans will not
produce either the maximum positive or negative
bending moments.
ACI Provisions for Effects of Pattern Loads

1. The ratio of live to dead load. A high ratio will

increase the effect of pattern loadings.
2. The ratio of column to beam stiffness. A low ratio
will increase the effect of pattern loadings.
3. Pattern loadings. Maximum positive moments
within the spans are less affected by pattern loadings.
 Reinforcement Details Loads

After all percentages of the static moments in the

column and middle strip are determined, the steel
reinforcement can be calculated for negative and
positive moments in each strip.

a

M u As f y d Ru bd 2

2
 Reinforcement Details Loads

Calculate Ru and determine the steel ratio , where

=0.9. As = bd. Calculate the minimum As from
ACI codes. Figure 13.3.8 is used to determine the
minimum development length of the bars.
Ru wu f c 1 0.59 wu
fy
wu
fc
Minimum extension for reinforcement
in slabs without beams(Fig. 13.3.8)
 Example 1
Design an interior panel of the two-way
slab for the floor system.The floor
consists of six panels at each direction,
with a panel size 24 ft x 20 ft. All
panels are supported by 20 in square
columns. The slabs are supported by
beams along the column line with cross
sections. The service live load is to be
taken as 80 psf and the service dead
load consists of 24 psf of floor
finishing in addition to the self-weight.
Use fc = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi
 Example 1

The cross-sections are:

h = 7 in.
 Example 1
The resulting cross section:
 Example 1

The thickness was calculated in an earlier example.

Generally, thickness of the slab is calculated at the
for the external corner slab. So use h = 7 in.
 Example 1

The weight of the slab is given as.

lb 1 ft lb lb
DL 24 2 7.0 in. 150 3 111.5 2
ft 12 in.
ft ft
lb lb
wu 1.2 DL 1.6 LL 1.2 111.5 2 1.6 80 2
ft
ft
lb kips
262 2 0.262 2
ft ft
 Example 1

Compute the average depth, d for the slab. Use an

average depth for the shear calculation with a #4 bar
(d = 0.5 in)

d h cover d b / 2
d 9.0 in. 0.75 in. 0.5 in./ 2 6.0 in.
 Example 1
The shear stresses in the slab are not
critical. The critical section is at a
distance d from the face of the beam.
Use 1 ft section.
beam width
Vu wu 12 ft. d 1 ft.
2
1 ft
16 in.
1 ft
0.262 k/ft 2 12 ft. 6 in.
12 in.
1 ft.
2 12 in.


2.84 k
 Example 1

The one way shear on the face of the beam.

Vc 2 f c bd

0.75 2 3000 12 in. 6 in.
1 kip
1000 lb

5.92 k 2.84 k OK.
 Example 1
Determine the strip sizes for the column and middle
strip. Use the smaller of l1 or l2 so l2 = 20 ft
l2 20 ft
l 5 ft
4 4
Therefore the column strip b = 2( 5 ft) = 10 ft (120 in)
The middle strips are
bl 20 ft 2 5 ft 10 ft 120 in
bs 24 ft 2 5 ft 14 ft 168 in
 Example 1
Calculate the strip sizes
 Example 1
Moment Mo for the two directions.
20 in. 1 ft.
long direction ln 24 ft. 2 22.333 ft.
2 12 in.

M ol
wu l2 l 2
n

0.262 k/ft 20 ft. 22.333 ft.
2 2

8 8
326.7 k-ft

short direction 20 in. 1 ft.

ln 20 ft. 2 18.333 ft.
2 12 in.

M ol
wu l2 l 2
n

0.262 k/ft 2 24 ft. 18.333 ft. 2

8 8
264.2 k-ft
 Example 1

Interior panel

0.35Mo

0.65Mo
 Example 1

The factored components

of the moment for the
beam (long).

Negative - Moment 0.65 326.7 k-ft 212.4 k-ft

Positive + Moment 0.35 326.7 k-ft 114.4 k-ft
 Example 1
The moments of inertia about beam, Ib = 22,453 in4 and
Is = 6860 in4 (long direction) are need to determine the
distribution of the moments between the column and
middle strip. l2 20 ft
0.8333
l1 24 ft
EbIb 22453 in 4
l 3.27
Es Is 6860 in 4
l2
l 3.27 * 0.8333 2.71
l1
 Example 1
Need to interpolate to
determine how the
negative moment is
distributed.

Factor 0.9
0.9 0.75
0.8333 0.5
0.5 1.0
0.8
 Example 1
Need to interpolate to
determine how the
positive moment is
distributed.

Factor 0.9
0.9 0.75
0.8333 0.5
0.5 1.0
0.8
 Example 1
Components on the beam (long).
Column Strip
Negative Moment 0.80 212.4 k-ft 169.9 k-ft
Positive + Moment 0.80 114.4 k-ft 91.5 k-ft

Middle Strip
Negative Moment 0.20 212.4 k-ft 42.5 k-ft
Positive + Moment 0.20 114.4 k-ft 22.9 k-ft
 Example 1
When 1 (l2/l1) > 1.0, ACI Code Section 13.6.5 indicates
that 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assigned
to the beam and balance of 15 % is assigned to the slab
in the column strip.
Column Strip - Negative Moment (169.9 k-ft)
Beam Moment 0.85 169.9 k-ft 144.4 k-ft
Slab Moment 0.15 169.9 k-ft 25.5 k-ft
 Example 1
When 1 (l2/l1) > 1.0, ACI Code Section 13.6.5 indicates
that 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assigned
to the beam and balance of 15 % is assigned to the slab
in the column strip.

Column Strip - Positive Moment (91.5 k-ft)

Beam Moment 0.85 91.5 k-ft 77.8 k-ft
Slab Moment 0.15 91.5 k-ft 13.7 k-ft
 Example 1

The factored components

of the moment for the
beam (short).

Negative Moment 0.65 264.2 k-ft 171.7 k-ft

Positive + Moment 0.35 264.2 k-ft 92.5 k-ft
 Example 1
The moments of inertia about beam, Ib = 22,453 in4 and
Is = 8232 in4 (short direction) are need to determine the
distribution of the moments between the column and
middle strip.
l1 24 ft
1.22222
l2 20 ft
Eb I b 22453 in 4
1 4
2.73
Es I s 8232 in
l1
1 2.73* 1.2222 3.333
l2
 Example 1
Need to interpolate to
determine how the
negative moment is
distributed.

Factor 0.75
0.75 0.45
1.2222 1.0
1.0 2.0
0.6833
 Example 1
Need to interpolate to
determine how the
positive moment is
distributed.

Factor 0.75
0.75 0.45
1.2222 1.0
1.0 2.0
0.6833
 Example 1
Components on the beam (short).
Column Strip
Negative Moment 0.683 171.7 k-ft 117.3 k-ft
Positive + Moment 0.683 92.5 k-ft 63.2 k-ft
Middle Strip
Negative Moment 0.317 171.7 k-ft 54.4 k-ft
Positive + Moment 0.317 92.5 k-ft 29.3 k-ft
 Example 1
When 1 (l2/l1) > 1.0, ACI Code Section 13.6.5 indicates
that 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assigned
to the beam and balance of 15 % is assigned to the slab
in the column strip.
Column Strip - Negative Moment (117.3 k-ft)
Beam Moment 0.85 117.3 k-ft 99.7 k-ft
Slab Moment 0.15 117.3 k-ft 17.6 k-ft
 Example 1
When 1 (l2/l1) > 1.0, ACI Code Section 13.6.5 indicates
that 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assigned
to the beam and balance of 15 % is assigned to the slab
in the column strip.

Column Strip - Positive Moment (63.2 k-ft)

Beam Moment 0.85 63.2 k-ft 53.7 k-ft
Slab Moment 0.15 63.2 k-ft 9.5 k-ft
Example 1 Summary
 Example 1
Use same procedure to do the reinforcement on the
concrete. Calculate the bars from the earlier
version of the problem.
 Example 1
Computing the reinforcement uses:
Mu
Ru
bd 2
1.7 * R u
R u w f c 1 0.59 w w 1.70 w
2
0
fc

1.7 * R
1.70 1.7 4 u
2

fc f y wf c
w w
2 fc fy
 Example 1
Compute the reinforcement need for the negative moment
in long direction. Middle strip width b =120 in. (10 ft),
d =6 in. and Mu = 42.5 k-ft

12 in.
42.5 k-ft
Mu 1 ft
Ru 2 0.118 ksi
120 in. 6 in.
2
bd
1.7 0.118 ksi
w 1.70 w
2
0
0.9 3 ksi
 Example 1
Compute the reinforcement need for the negative
moment in long direction. Middle strip width b =120 in.
(10 ft) d =6 in. and Mu = 42.5 k-ft

1.7 4 0.7433
2
1.70
w 0.0449
2
wf c 0.0449 3 ksi
0.00225
fy 60 ksi
 Example 1
The area of the steel reinforcement for a strip width
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 6 in., and h = 7 in.

As bd 0.00225 120 in. 6 in. 1.62 in 2

As min 0.0018bh 0.0018 120 in. 7 in. 1.52 in 2
 Example 1
The area of the steel reinforcement for a strip width
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 6 in., and As = 1.62 in2. Use a
#4 bar (Ab =0.20 in2 )

As 1.62 in 2
# bars 2
8.08 Use 9 bars
Ab 0.2 in
120 in.
s 13.33 in. Maximum spacing is 2(h) or
9
18 in.
Use 10 #4 So 13.33 in < 14 in. OK!
 Example 1
The long direction Column Strip Middle Strip

using # 4 bars Negative Positive Negative Positive

Moment (k-ft) 25.5 13.7 42.5 22.9
b (in) 120 120 120 120
d (in) 6 6 6 6
h (in) 7 7 7 7
fy (ksi) 60 60 60 60
fc (ksi) 3 3 3 3
Ru (ksi) 0.07083 0.03806 0.11806 0.06361
w 0.02665 0.01421 0.04491 0.02390

0.00133 0.00071 0.00225 0.00119

A s (in2) 0.96 0.51 1.62 0.86
As(min) (in2) 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51
# bars req 7.56 7.56 8.08 7.56
spacing (in) 15.00 15.00 13.33 15.00
Use
# bars (#4) 10 10 10 10
spacing (in) 12 12 12 12
 Example 1
The long direction
using # 4 bars
 Example 1
The short direction Column Strip Middle Strip

using # 4 bars Negative Positive Negative Positive

Moment (k-ft) 17.6 9.5 54.4 29.3
b (in) 120 120 168 168
d (in) 6 6 6 6
h (in) 7 7 7 7
fy (ksi) 60 60 60 60
fc (ksi) 3 3 3 3
Ru (ksi) 0.04889 0.02639 0.10794 0.05813
w 0.01830 0.00983 0.04096 0.02181

0.00092 0.00049 0.00205 0.00109

As (in2) 0.66 0.35 2.06 1.10
A s(min) (in2) 1.51 1.51 2.12 2.12
# bars req 7.56 7.56 10.58 10.58
spacing (in) 15.00 15.00 15.27 15.27
Use
# bars (#4) 10 10 14 14
spacing (in) 12 12 12 12
 Example 1
The short direction
using # 4 bars