COMPUTER NETWORK

Presented By : Swapnil Jain

 Meaning of Computer Network
 A computer network, often simply
referred to as a network, is a
collection of computers and devices
connected by communications
channels that facilitates
communications among users and
allows users to share resources with
other users. Networks may be
classified according to a wide variety
of characteristics.
 Purpose
 Facilitating communications.
 Sharing hardware.
 Sharing files, data, and information.
 Sharing software.
 Network topology
 Computer networks may be classified
according to the network topology upon
which the network is based, such as
bus network, star network, ring network,
mesh network, star-bus network,
tree or hierarchical topology network.
Network topology is the coordination by
which devices in the network are arrange
in their logical relations to one another,
independent of physical arrangement.
 Basic hardware components

 Network interface cards

 Repeaters
 Hubs
 Bridges
 Switches
 Routers
 Network interface cards
 A network card, network adapter, or
NIC (network interface card) is a
piece of computer hardware
designed to allow computers to
communicate over a computer
network.
 Repeaters
 A repeater is an electronic device
that receives a signal, cleans it
from the unnecessary noise etc
 Hubs
 A network hub contains multiple
ports. When a packet arrives at one
port, it is copied unmodified to all
ports of the hub for transmission.
 Bridge
 A network bridge connects
multiple network segments.
Once the bridge associates
a port and an address, it
will send traffic for that
address to that port only.
 Switch
 A network switch is a device that
forwards and filters between ports
(connected cables).
 Router
 A router is a networking device that
forwards packets between networks.
 Types of networks

 A. Personal area network

 B. Local area network
• Home area network
 C. Campus area network
 D. Metropolitan area network
 E. Wide area network
 F. Global area network
 G. Virtual private network
 H. Internetwork
• Internet
• Intranets and extranets
 A. Personal area network

 A personal area network (PAN) is a

computer network used for
communication among computer and
different information technological
devices close to one person. Some
examples of devices that are used in
a PAN are personal computers,
printers, fax machines, telephones,
PDAs, scanners, and even video
game consoles.
 Cont….
 A PAN may include wired & wireless
connections between devices. The
reach of a PAN typically extends to 10
meters.Wired PAN network is usually
constructed with USB & Firewire while
wireless with Bluetooth and Infrared.
 B. Local area network
 A local area network (LAN) is a network
that connects computers and devices in a
limited geographical area such as home,
school, computer laboratory,
office building, or closely positioned
group of buildings.
 ….Home area network
 A home area network is a residential LAN
which is used for communication between
digital devices typically deployed in the
home, usually a small number of personal
computers and accessories, such as
printers and mobile computing devices.
 C. Campus area network

 A campus area network (CAN) is a

computer network made up of an
interconnection of local area
networks (LANs) within a limited
geographical area. It can be
considered one form of a
metropolitan area network, specific
to an academic setting.
CAN
 D. Metropolitan area network

 A metropolitan area network (MAN)

is a network that connects two or
more local area networks or campus
area networks together but does not
extend beyond the boundaries of the
immediate town/city. Routers,
switches and hubs are connected to
create a metropolitan area network.
MAN
 E. Wide area network
 A wide area network is a computer
network that covers a large geographic
area such as a city, country, or spans
even intercontinental distances, using a
communications channel that combines
many types of media such as telephone
lines, cables, and air waves.
 F. Global area network
 A global area network is a network used
for supporting mobile communications
across an arbitrary number of wireless
LANs, satellite coverage areas, etc.
 G. Virtual private network
 A virtual private network is a computer
network in which some of the links
between nodes are carried by open
connections or virtual circuits in some
larger network (e.g., the Internet)
instead of by physical wires.
 H. Internetwork

 An Internetwork is the connection of

two or more distinct computer
networks via a common routing
technology. The result is called an
internetwork (often shortened to
internet).
 ….Internet

 The Internet is a global system of

interconnected governmental,
academic, corporate, public, and
private computer networks.
 ….Intranets and extranets

 Intranets and extranets are parts or

extensions of a computer network, usually
a local area network.
 An intranet is a set of networks, using the
Internet Protocol and IP-based tools such
as web browsers and file transfer
applications, that is under the control of a
single administrative entity. An intranet is
the internal network of an organization.
 Cont….
 An extranet is a network that is
limited in scope to a single
organization or entity and also has
limited connections to the networks
of one or more .Technically, an
extranet may also be categorized as
a CAN, MAN, WAN, or other type of
network .
THANK YOU

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