Discovering

Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Objectives Overview

Identify and briefly

describe various
broadband Internet
Discuss the evolution of connections and state Describe the types of
the Internet differences between Internet access providers
broadband Internet
connections and dial-up
connections

Describe how to use a

Describe the purpose of Explain the purpose of a search engine to search
an IP address and its Web browser and identify for information on the
relationship to a domain the components of a Web Web and differentiate
name address between a search engine
and a subject directory

See Page 73 2
for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Objectives Overview

Explain how Web

Identify and briefly
pages use graphics,
Describe the types of describe the steps
animation, audio,
Web sites required for Web
video, virtual reality,
publishing
and plug-ins

Explain how e-mail,

mailing lists, instant
messaging, chat
Describe the types of Identify the rules of
rooms, VoIP,
e-commerce netiquette
newsgroups and
message boards, and
FTP work

See Page 73 3
for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The Internet

The Internet is a worldwide collection

of networks that links millions of
businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals

Page 74 4
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-1
Evolution of the Internet

The Internet originated as ARPANET in

September 1969 and had two main
goals: Function even if
Allow scientists at
part of the
different physical
network were
locations to share
disabled or
information and
destroyed by a
work together
disaster

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Evolution of the Internet
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
ARPANET
and
1969 becomes
ARPANET known as 1996
becomes the Internet2
functional Internet is founded

1984 1995 Today

ARPANET NSFNet More than
has more terminates 550
than 1,000 its network million
individual on the hosts
computers Internet connect to
linked as and the
hosts resumes Internet
status as
research
Pages 75 - 76 network 6
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Evolution of the Internet

Each organization is responsible only for

maintaining its own network
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
oversees research and sets guidelines and
standards
Internet2 connects more than 200
universities and 115 companies via a
high-speed private network

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
 Evolution of the Internet

Many home and small business users

connect to the Internet via high-speed
broadband Internet service

Fiber to
Cable Cellular Satellite
the Fixed
Internet DSL Radio Wi-Fi Internet
Premises wireless
service Network Service
(FTTP)

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Evolution of the Internet

An access provider is a business that

provides individuals and organizations access
to the Internet free or for a fee

Page 77 9
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-2
Evolution of the Internet
ISP Online Wireless
(Internet service Internet
service provider service
provider)
Regional ISPs (OSP) provider
Provides wireless
provide Internet
Has many Internet access
access to a
members-only to computers
specific
features and mobile
geographical
devices
area
Popular OSPs
National ISPs
include AOL
provide Internet
(America Online) May require a
access in cities
and MSN wireless modem
and towns
(Microsoft
nationwide
Network)

Page 78 10
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Evolution of the Internet

Page 79 11
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-3
Evolution of the Internet

An IP address is a number that uniquely

identifies each computer or device connected
to the Internet
A domain name is the text version of an IP
address
Top-level domain (TLD)
A DNS server translates the domain name
into its associated IP address

Pages 79 80 12
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-4
Evolution of the Internet

Page 80 13
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-5
The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web, or Web, consists

of a worldwide collection of electronic
documents (Web pages)
A Web site is a collection of related Web
pages and associated items
A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide
a means for users to interact
Pages 80 - 81 14
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

A Web browser, or browser, allows

users to access Web pages and Web 2.0
programs
Internet
Explore Firefox Opera
r
Google
Safari
Chrome

Page 81 15
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

Page 81 16
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-6
The World Wide Web

A home page is the Some Web pages are

first page that a Web designed specifically
site displays for microbrowsers
Web pages provide
links to other related
Web pages
Surfing the Web
Downloading is the
process of receiving
information

Pages 82 - 83 17
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-7
The World Wide Web

A Web page has a unique address called

a URL or Web address

Pages 82 83 18
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-8
The World Wide Web

Tabbed browsing allows you to open and

view multiple Web pages in a single Web
browser window

Page 84 19
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-9
The World Wide Web

Two types of search tools are search

engines and subject directories
Subject
Search
director
engine
y
Finds Classifies Web
information pages in an
related to a organized set
specific topic of categories
Page 85 20
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

Page 85 21
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-10
The World Wide Web

A search engine is helpful in locating

items such as:

Publicatio
Images Videos Audio
ns

People or
Maps Business Blogs
es

Page 85 22
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

Page 86 23
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-11
The World Wide Web

Some Web browsers contain an Instant

Search box to eliminate the steps of
displaying the search engines Web
page prior to entering the search text

Page 87 24
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-12
The World Wide Web

Search operators can help to refine your

search

Page 87 25
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-13
The World Wide Web

There are thirteen types of Web sites

Portal News Informational Business/Marketi

ng

Blog Wiki Online Social Educational

Network
Pages 88 91 26
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-15
The World Wide Web

Entertainme Advocacy Web

nt Application

Content Personal
Aggregator
Pages 91 92 27
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-15
Video: Tell Your Stories via
Vlog

CLICK TO START

28
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

Information
presented on the
Web must be
evaluated for
accuracy
No one oversees
the content of Web
pages

Page 92 29
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-16
The World Wide Web

Multimedia refers to any application

that combines text with:
Graphic Animati
s on Audio

Virtual
Video Reality
Page 92 30
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

A graphic is a
digital
representation of
nontext
information
Graphic formats
include BMP, GIF,
JPEG, PNG, and
TIFF

Page 93 31
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-17
The World Wide Web

A thumbnail is a
small version of a
larger graphic

Page 94 32
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-19
The World Wide Web

Animation is the appearance of motion

created by displaying a series of still
images in sequence

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

Audio includes music, speech, or any other

sound
Compressed to reduce file size
You listen to audio on your computer using a
player
Streaming is the process of transferring data
in a continuous and even flow

Pages 94 95 34
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-20
The World Wide Web

Page 95 35
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-21
The World Wide Web

Video consists of images displayed in

motion

Page 96 36
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-22
The World Wide Web

Virtual reality (VR) is the use of

computers to simulate a real or
imagined environment that appears as
a three-dimensional space

Pages 96 97 37
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-23
The World Wide Web

A plug-in is a program that extends the

capability of a Web browser

Page 97 38
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-24
The World Wide Web

Web publishing is the development

and maintenance of Web pages

Page 98 39
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
E-Commerce

E-commerce is a business transaction

that occurs over an electronic network
M-commerce identifies e-commerce that
takes place using mobile devices

Page 98 40
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
E-Commerce

Pages 98 - 99 41
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
E-Commerce

Page 99 42
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-25
Other Internet Services

E-mail is the
transmission of
messages and files
via a computer
network
An e-mail
program allows
you to create,
send, receive,
forward, store,
print, and delete e-
mail messages
Page 101 43
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-26
Other Internet Services

Page 102 44
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-27
Other Internet Services

A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and

addresses given a single name
Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
Unsubscribing removes your name

Page 103 45
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-28
Other Internet Services

Instant messaging (IM) is a real-

time Internet communications service

Page 104 46
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-29
Other Internet Services

A chat is a real-
time typed
conversation that
takes place on a
computer
A chat room is a
location on an
Internet server that
permits users to
chat with each
other
Page 105 47
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-30
Other Internet Services

VoIP (Voice over

IP) enables users to
speak to other
users over the
Internet
Also called Internet
telephony

Page 106 48
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-31
Other Internet Services

A newsgroup is
an online area in
which users have
written discussions
about a particular
subject
Typically requires a
newsreader
A message board
is a Web-based
type of discussion
group
Page 107
Figure 2-32
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 49
Other Internet Services

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an

Internet standard that permits file
uploading and downloading with other
computers on the Internet
Many operating systems include FTP
capabilities
An FTP server is a computer that allows
users to upload and/or download files
using FTP
Page 107 50
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Netiquette

Netiquette is the code of acceptable

Internet behavior

Page 108 51
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-33
Summary

Page 109 52
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 2 Complete