Textile Finishing

TEXTILE
FINISHIN
G
Finishing is a general term for a magnitude of
processes and treatments that a fabric may
undergo
after it has been made (woven or knitted) and
colored (dyed or printed).
It is the final processing of the cloth. Its

purpose is to make the fabric more suitable
for its intended end use.
Why are fabric finishes used?
Fabric Finishes are used to improve the fabric in

some way. This could be:
Improve the appearance - color, pattern or
sheen.
Change the texture of the fabric - embossing,
brushing or smoothing.
Improve the feel - softer, crisper, and firmer.
Improve the drape (how the fabric hangs)
weighted.
Improve wearing qualities - crease resistance,
stain resistance, flammability, waterproof etc.
Modify care requirements - easy wash, quicker
drying times, colorfast, less shrinkage.
What Finishing DO ????
Provide aesthetic value

Soften fabric or change the hand
Adds to durability
Adds to comfort
Provide safety
Improves performance
Classification
a) Classification according to the
nature of finish
Classification
b) Classification according to degree of permanence
or durability
Classification
Classification according to performance
Aesthetic finishes
These are finishes which change the appearance,

drapability and hand (feel) of fabrics including
parchmentizing, softeners, and stiffening finishes.
Finishes that alter or create texture include

burnout designs, embossing, pliss, raised fiber
surfaces (brushing, gigging, napping, sueding, and
flocking).
Finishes that alter fabric luster include beetling,

calendaring (simple, glazed, moir, schreinering),
optical finishes (delusterants, and optical
brighteners).
Functional Finishes
These are finishes which improve the performance
properties of fabrics.
Finishes that enhance care properties include

durable press, soil-release, stain and soil-resistant
finishes.
Finishes that provide comfort and safety include

antistatic, chemical-protective, absorbent, flame
resistance, water-repellent and waterproof
finishes.
Finishes that alter durability include abrasion

resistant, slip resistant, and shrinkage control.
Finishes that provide environmental protection

Resin Treatment
Resin Treatment
Resin Treatment
Resin or Cross-linking agent
Cross linking agents create chemical bonds betn

polymer molecules to form a three dimensional
network. This generally restricts swelling and
inhibits solubility and alters elastic recovery. The
most important cross linking agents are-
Urea formaldehyde.
Tetramethylol acetylene diurea (TMADU)
Dimethylol ethylene Urea (DHEU)
Dimethylol Dihydroxy Ethylene Urea
(DMDHEU)
Resin Treatment
Mechanism of Resin Treatment or why
cotton Crease ???
When force is applied on cotton its polymer chains are under stress
and hydrogen bonds are breaks allow the chains to slip past each
others. These re-orient the H-bond and there is no force to pull chain
back to previous position results a crease on fabric.
ow to make cotton crease resistant?
Risk factors or Disadvantages
SHRINKPROOFING
Controlled residual shrinkage is an important quality
parameter for many fabrics. For example, excessive
shrinkage is undesirable for fabrics to be made into garments.
Here, the residual shrinkage should be less than 2% otherwise
the garment
Residual will not fit after it is laundered.
Shrinkage
Residual shrinkage is the hidden shrinkage of a fiber, filament, yarn or
fabric. In woven fabrics the yarns of warp & weft bend round one
another of which warp yarns bend round the weft yarn to a greater
extent. When the cloth is wetted, the yarns increase in diameter and if
the crossing weft threads were to remain the same distance apart as in
the dry state then the warp would have to extend. Such extension
would require force for its accomplishment. But as there is no such force
and the cloth is under no constraint, the weft threads move closer
together in order that the warp yarns can remain the same length. The
cloth therefore shrinks in the warp direction. Alternatively
warp threads are straight then the weft threads are crimped and fabric
shrinks in the weft way. Such shrinkage in woven fabrics during wetting
is simply termed as residual shrinkage.
Sanforizing
Mechanical compacting is one method of reducing
residual shrinkage. The process forces yarns closer
together and the fabric becomes thicker and
heavier. As a result of this, the net yardage yield is
reduced.

Sanforizing is a controlled compressive shrinkage
process which is applied on woven fabric to achieve
shrinkage before making the garments. After
sanforizing the residual
shrinkage of woven fabric may be zero.
In this process, the fabric is first moistened with

steam, to make it more pliable, run through a short
tenter frame (pup tenter) to straighten and smooth
Compactor
It is one of the important textile
finishingmachineswhich is used specially for
compacting 100% cotton knitted fabric such as
jersey, pique, interlock, plush, rib and sinker etc. It
is also used for cotton blended fabric in rope form.
This types of machine changes the dimensional
stability of the fabric and presents those into plaited
form.
Function of Compactor
Machine
Compactor machine has done a lot of technical works, which
are mentioned in the below:
It controls the shrinkage of fabric.

Fabric GSM can be controlled by using compacting
machine. In case of highGSM, overfeed is increased; as a
result, fabric width is decreased. In case of low GSM,
overfeed is decreased; as a result, fabric width is increased.
It has a significant contribution in twisting control.
It compresses the fabric and reduces the thickness.
It upgrades the fabric hand feel and import a silky touch to
the fabric.
It imports different degree of luster to the fabric.
It helps to control proper fabric width.
Smoothness of fabrics will be increased by using this
machine.
It also reduces the yarn slippage.

Textile Finishing

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TEXTILE

It is the final processing of the cloth. Its

Fabric Finishes are used to improve the fabric in

Provide aesthetic value

These are finishes which change the appearance,

Finishes that alter or create texture include

Finishes that alter fabric luster include beetling,

Finishes that enhance care properties include

Finishes that provide comfort and safety include

Finishes that alter durability include abrasion

Finishes that provide environmental protection

Cross linking agents create chemical bonds betn

In this process, the fabric is first moistened with

It controls the shrinkage of fabric.

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