ANCIENT SYSTEM OF TOWN PLANNING

INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION

TheIndus Valley Civilisation(IVC) was aBronze Agecivilisation(33001300 BCE;

mature period 26001900 BCE) extending from what today is
northeastAfghanistantoPakistan and northwestIndia(see map).Along withAncient
EgyptandMesopotamiait was one of three early civilisations of theOld World, and of
the three the most widespread. It flourished in the basins of theIndus River, one of
the major rivers ofAsia, and along a system of perennial, mostly monsoon-fed, rivers
that once coursed in the vicinity of the seasonalGhaggar-Hakrariver in northwest
India and eastern Pakistan. Aridification of this region during the 3rd millennium BCE
may have been the initial spur for the urbanisation associated with the civilisation,
but eventually also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilisation's
demise, and to scatter its population eastward.
 TheArthashastra(Sanskrit: , Arthastra) is an ancient Hindutreatise
on statecraft,economicpolicy andmilitary strategy, written inSanskrit, by
Chanakya
INDIAN DIMENSIONS
 S.No TIME
. PLAN FRAME APPROVING BODY
Perspective State Government (through State
1 Plan/Master Plan 20-25 yrs Chief Town Planner)
Development
2 Plan/CDP 5 yrs Municipal Council/Corporation
3 Annual Plan 1 yr Municipal Council/Corporation
depends
4
Type Schemes/Projects
of Map/Planning on project Municipal
Small &Planner
Medium Town
Exercise Metropolitan Level Level
1:2,50,000 -
Maps of Regional Setting 1:10,00,000 1:1,00,000 - 1:2,50,000
1:1,00,000 -
Perspective Plan 1:2,50,000 1:50,000 - 1,00,000
Development Plan 1:25,000 - 1:50,000 1: 10,000 - 1:25,000
STEPS Annual
TO PREPARE MASTER PLAN
Plan/Schemes/Project 1:1,000 - 1:5,000 1:500 - 1:2,500
1. LITERATURE REVIEW
Location
Climatic Condition
Geographic Profile

Source: Google Earth

Background
Social Profile
Soil Profile
Flora Fauna
2. PREPARATION OF BASE MAP

Physical Data (Natural Resources available)

Topological Data (Transport network, built up , contours etc.)
Cultural Features (Parks, gardens, PSP, Historical monuments etc.)
Planning & Administrative boundaries

3. . PREPARATION OF LANDUSE MAP

. Residential
. Commercial
. Manufacturing/Industrial
. PSP (Public & Semi Public Buildings)
. Recreation
. Transportation & Communication
. Agriculture
. Natural Resources (Mountain, Water bodies, Forest etc.)
. Special Area (Heritage Site etc.)

Prepared by: Shivani Chouhan, Assistant Professor, DIT University (B.Plan, NIT-Bhopal & M.Tech, IIT
Roorkee
Source: Google Earth
 4. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Existing Population
Population projection for proposed year
Population Density: No. of persons per hectare
Sex Ratio: No. of females per 1000 males
Literacy Rate
SC-ST population
Working Population
IMPORTANT FORMULA
a) Population Projection Method:

To find the population of the projected year of a city/town/district or

any specific area, follow the following steps:

Step-I: firstly we need to find/study the past demographic profile of

the same area. Then find out any two past population data. (i.e. P1
& P2 for the year T1 T2)
Let us consider,
P1 to be the past Population
P2 to be the base population
Same way, T1 is the Year for Past Population
Step-III
T2 is the Year for Base Population
Step-II : To find out the
Constant Population Growth
P3 = P2 + Ka (T3 T2)
Ka = Arithmetic Growth Constant where,
P3 is Projected Population
Ka = (P2 P1) /(T2 - T1)) P2 is Population of Base Year
where,
P1 is Population of Past T3 is Projected Year
Year T2 is Base Year
P2 is Population of Base
ExampleYear1: A town of 44.3 sq.km has the population of 51,428 in the year
2005; it increased to 65,624 in 2015. Find Projected Population for the year
2025. T1 is Past Year
T2 is Base Year
Solution: P1 is Population of Past Year = Population of 2005 = 51428 persons
P2 is Population of Base Year = Population of 2015 = 65624 persons
T1 is Past Year = Year 2005
T2 is Base Year = Year 2015
Lets P3 is the Projected Population for the Projected Year 2025
P3 = Projected Population
Ka = Arithmetic Growth Constant
P3 = P2 + Ka (T3 T2)
Ka = (P2 P1) /(T2 - T1))
= 65,624 + 1419.6 (2025-2015)
= (65,624 - 51,428) / (2015-2005) = 65624 + 1419.6 (10)
= (14196 / 10) = 65624 + 14196
= 1419.6 = 79820
Prepared by: Shivani Chouhan, Assistant Professor, DIT University (B.Plan, NIT-Bhopal & M.Tech, IIT
Roorkee
 b) Population Growth Rate
Growth Rate is the Population Growth Constant per year in percentage.

Growth Rate = (P2 P1) X 100

P1
Example 2: A town of 44.3 sq.km has the population of 51,428 in the year
2005; it increased to 65,624 in 2015. Find the Growth Rate from 200 to 2015

Solution: P1 is Population of Past Year = Population of 2005 = 51428

P2 is Population of Base Year = Population of 2015 = 65624

Growth Rate = (65624 51428)/51428 X 100

= (14196/51428) X 100
= (0.2760) X 100
= 27.6 %
c) Population Density
Population Density is the No. of Persons per unit area (sq.km or hectare)

Population Density = Population/Area

Example 3: A town of 44.3 sq.km has the population of 51,428 in the year
2005; it increased to 65,624 in 2015. Find Population Density.

Solution: P1 is Population of Past Year = Population of 2005 = 51428

P2 is Population of Base Year = Population of 2015 = 65624

With the increase in population, Population density increases, as Population is

increasing but Area remains same.

Population Density for the year 2005 = Population of 2005/Area

= 51428/44.3
= 1160.90 = 1161 persons per sq.km

Population Density for the year 2015 = Population of 2015/Area

= 65624/44.3
= 1481.35 = 1481 persons per sq.km

Prepared by: Shivani Chouhan, Assistant Professor, DIT University (B.Plan, NIT-Bhopal & M.Tech, IIT
Roorkee
 5. UTILITIES & SERVICES MAP
6. TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATION
7. BUILDING/STRUCTURE MAP
8. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE MAP
9. ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS MAP
10. TYPOLOGY THE EXISTING HOUSE:
Types of House i.e. Material of Wall, Roof etc.
Example: Brick Masonry, Concrete, Wood, Mud and other materials. No. of
buildings coming under these categories.
11. HAZARD PROFILE
GSI (Geographical Survey of India) prepared the Seismic Zonation Map of
India, we represents the 4 Zone predicting the frequency of earthquake that
have occurred and have the possibilities.
Zone V : Very High possibilities of Earthquake, Highly prone to Earthquake
Zone IV : High possibilities of Earthquake, High prone to Earthquake
Zone III : Moderate possibilities of Earthquake, Medium prone to Earthquake
Zone II : Low possibilities of Earthquake, Low prone to Earthquake

12. DEMANDS OF INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PROPOSED YEAR

13. S.W.O.T. ANALYSIS (Strength-Weakness-Opportunities-Threat)
14. PROPOSALS & RECOMMENDATION: As per requirement

Prepared by: Shivani Chouhan, Assistant Professor, DIT University (B.Plan, NIT-Bhopal & M.Tech, IIT
Roorkee
 UDPFI Guideline

UDPFI : Urban Development Plan Formulation & Implementation

Now modified as URDPFI
URDPFI : Urban Regional Development Plan Formulation & Implementation
It is the guidelines for planning purpose that includes Master Plan,
Perspective Plans, Development Plans, and Action Plans etc.
This Guideline is the result of the contribution made by expert urban and
regional planners.
UDPFI guidelines help to make the checklist whether the particular area may
be city or town have standards infrastructure as per the populations
requirement,
Which settlement is illegal as per the guidelines, what all standards & norms
the city or town should follow etc.

Some of the importance guidelines

Flood plain: No settlement near water bodies up to km in plain areas and 1

km in hilly areas from flood-plain or modified flood-plain affected by dam in
the upstream or by flood control systems.
Coastal areas: No settlement near the ocean to at least km from high tide
line.
Flood plain: No settlement near water bodies to at least km from flood-
plain or modified flood-plain affected by dam in the upstream or by flood
control systems.
Industry: No settlement around the industries
The green buffer shall be km wide around the battery limit of the industry.
For industry having odor problem it shall be a kilometer wide.
FOR EVERY NO. OF AREA NO. OF
EDUCATIONAL CENTERS
POPULATION OF CENTERS (ha) STUDENTS
Number of Facilities/infrastructure proposed for population has been
explained
Pre-Primarybelow:
School
2500 1 0.08 ha
(nursery)
Primary School (Class I to
5000 1 0.4 ha 500
V)
Senior Secondary School
7500 1 1.6 ha 1000
(Class VI to XII)
Integrated School (Class I
90,000 - 1,00,000 1 3.5 ha 1500
to XII)
1,00,000 -
College 1 4.0 ha 1000 - 1500
1,25,000
Technical Education
10,00,000 1 4.0 ha 500
Centre

Prepared by: Shivani Chouhan, Assistant Professor, DIT University (B.Plan, NIT-Bhopal & M.Tech, IIT
Roorkee
HEALTH CARE FACILITIES FOR EVERY NO. OF AREA (ha) NO. OF
POPULATION CENTERS BEDS
OF

General Hospitals 2,50,000 1 6.0 ha 500

Intermediate Hospitals (Categogy A) 1,00,000 1 3.7 ha 200
Intermediate Hospitals (Categogy B) 1,00,000 1 1.0 HA 80
Poly Clinic 1,00,000 1 0.2 - 0.3 ha
Nursing Home, Child welfare and 45,000 - 1 0.2 - 0.3 ha 25 - 30
Maternity Centre 1,00,000

0.08 - 0.12
Dispensary 15,000 1 ha
SOCIO CULTURAL FACILITIES FOR EVERY NO. OF AREA (sq.m or
POPULATION OF CENTERS hec)

Community Hall 5,000 1 660 sq.m

Community Hall and Library 15,000 1 2000 sq.m
Recreational Club 1,00,000 1 10,000 sq.m
Music, Dance and drama centre 1,00,000 1 1000 sq.m
Meditation and spritual centre 1,00,000 1 1000 sq.m

Socio Cultural Centre 10,00,000 1 15 hec

SERVICES FOR EVERY NO. OF AREA (sq.m or hec)

POPULATION OF CENTERS

Milk Booth 5,000 1

LPG Godowns 40,000 - 50,000 1
Police Station 90,000 1 1 hec
District Office and Battalion 10,00,000 1 4.80 hec
Police Line 20,00,000 1 6 hec
District Jail 10,00,000 1 10 hec
Civil defence and Home guards 10,00,000 1 2 hec
Fire Station or Sub-fire Station 2,00,000 1 1.6 hec
Cremation/Burial Ground 5,00,000 2 sites
Dhobi Ghat 1,00,000 1

Prepared by: Shivani Chouhan, Assistant Professor, DIT University (B.Plan, NIT-Bhopal & M.Tech, IIT
Roorkee
Prepared by: Shivani Chouhan, Assistant Professor, DIT University (B.Plan, NIT-Bhopal & M.Tech, IIT
Roorkee