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Radar Signals Tutorial II: The Ambiguity Function

The document discusses the ambiguity function (AF), which describes the response of a matched filter to a signal with delays and Doppler shifts. It provides properties of the AF, including that it reaches its maximum at no delay/Doppler shift, has constant volume, and is symmetric. Linear frequency modulated (LFM) pulses, or chirps, are presented, including that their AF demonstrates delay-Doppler coupling but improved range resolution. Examples of chirp waveforms and their ambiguity functions are given.

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75 views

Radar Signals Tutorial II: The Ambiguity Function

The document discusses the ambiguity function (AF), which describes the response of a matched filter to a signal with delays and Doppler shifts. It provides properties of the AF, including that it reaches its maximum at no delay/Doppler shift, has constant volume, and is symmetric. Linear frequency modulated (LFM) pulses, or chirps, are presented, including that their AF demonstrates delay-Doppler coupling but improved range resolution. Examples of chirp waveforms and their ambiguity functions are given.

Uploaded by

anon020202
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Radar Signals

Tutorial II: The Ambiguity Function

1
Brief Review

o Purpose of radar: measure round trip


time delay.

2
Brief Review

o Radar equation:

o Matched filter:
Maximizes the SNR in the received
signal.
Response is described by the
autocorrelation function of the signal.
3
Brief Review

o Autocorrelation of a signal:

4
The Ambiguity
Function
o Definition: The ambiguity function is the
time response of a filter matched to a
given finite energy signal when the signal
is received with a delay and a
Doppler shift relative to the nominal
values expected by the filter.

5
Example(1)

o Complex envelope of a constant


frequency pulse:

6
Example(1)

o Partial AF:

7
Example(1)

o Contour plot of the AF:

Contour
Contour 0.707 0.1

8
Why is the AF important?

9
Example(2)

o Why is the AF important?


Chirp waveform
Ambiguity Function SISO range-Doppler image

10
Example(2)

o Why is the AF important?


Unmodulated pulse
Ambiguity Function SISO range-Doppler image

11
AF Properties
(1)
o Property 1: Maximum at (0,0).

12
AF Properties
(1)
o Proof of property 1:

Apply CS

13
AF Properties
(2)
o Property 2: Constant volume.

14
AF Properties
(2)
o Proof of property 2:

Rewrite , replacing with


.

15
AF Properties
(2)
o Proof of property 2:

Apply Parsevals theorem the energy


in the time domain is equal to the
energy in the frequency domain.

16
AF Properties
(2)
o Proof of property 2:

Integrate both sides with respect to


to yield volume .

17
AF Properties
(2)
o Proof of property 2:

Change variables and solve.

18
AF Properties
(2)
o Implications of property 2.

Additional volume constraints:

No matter how we design our


waveform, the volume of the AF
remains constant.
19
AF Properties
(3)
o Property 3: Symmetry with respect to
the origin.

20
AF Properties
(4)
o Property 4: Linear FM effect.

If
,

then adding linear frequency modulation


(LFM) implies that:

21
AF Properties
(4)
o Proof of property 4:

22
AF Properties
(4)
o Implications of property 4:

23
AF Properties
(4)
o Implications of property 4:

24
Chirp Waveform

o Linear frequency-modulated (LFM) pulse


(Chirp).

The most popular pulse compression


method.

Conceived during WWII.

Basic idea: sweep the frequency band


linearly during the pulse duration .
25
Chirp Waveform

o Linear frequency-modulated (LFM) pulse


(Chirp).

Complex envelope:

Chirp rate

26
Chirp Waveform

o Linear frequency-modulated (LFM) pulse


(Chirp).

Complex envelope:

27
Chirp Waveform

o Linear frequency-modulated (LFM) pulse


(Chirp).

Ambiguity Function:

28
Chirp Waveform

o Linear frequency-modulated (LFM) pulse


(Chirp).

Ambiguity Function:

29
Chirp Waveform

o Advantage of chirp: improved range


resolution.

Zero-Doppler cut:

For a large time-bandwidth product


( ), the first null occurs
at:
30
Chirp Waveform

o Advantage of chirp: improved range


resolution.

Zero-Doppler cut:

31
Chirp Waveform

o Advantage of chirp: improved range


resolution.

Spectrum of unmodulated pulse:

32
Chirp Waveform

o Advantage of chirp: improved range


resolution.

Spectrum of LFM pulse:

LFM improves range resolution


according to the time-bandwidth
33 product!
Chirp Waveform

o Disadvantage of chirp: delay-Doppler


coupling.

For small Doppler shift , the delay


location of the peak response is shifted
from true delay by:

Preferred in situations with ambiguous


Doppler shifts.
34
Chirp Waveform

o Disadvantage of chirp: delay-Doppler


coupling.

Contour
0.1
Contour 0.707

A target with positive Doppler


35 appears closer than its true range!
Example(3)

o SISO range-Doppler imaging example


Bandwidth , duration , chirp-rate
. target
40 dB

36
Example(3)

o SISO range-Doppler imaging example


, fix

37
Future Talks

o Other forms of frequency modulation:


LFM amplitude weighting.
Costas coding.
Nonlinear FM.

o Phased-coded waveforms:
Barker code.
Chirp-like sequences.

38

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