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Industrial Training in RF Department At: Prepared By: Mayur Chudasama Roll No: 10408

The document discusses radio frequency planning and drive testing for a cellular network. It describes collecting field data using equipment like GPS and binoculars. Site selection considers factors like line of sight and interference. RF planning involves selecting frequencies and neighbors in software. Drive testing records signal levels and quality metrics to evaluate coverage and identify issues. Suggestions from drive tests include modifying neighbors, antennas, or adding new sites.

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Sunil Pillai
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94 views21 pages

Industrial Training in RF Department At: Prepared By: Mayur Chudasama Roll No: 10408

The document discusses radio frequency planning and drive testing for a cellular network. It describes collecting field data using equipment like GPS and binoculars. Site selection considers factors like line of sight and interference. RF planning involves selecting frequencies and neighbors in software. Drive testing records signal levels and quality metrics to evaluate coverage and identify issues. Suggestions from drive tests include modifying neighbors, antennas, or adding new sites.

Uploaded by

Sunil Pillai
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Industrial Training

in
RF Department
at

Prepared By:
Mayur Chudasama
Roll no: 10408
New Town Field Survey:
 Two purposes :-

1) RF Purpose:-
The main purpose of new site survey is to
increase coverage area by establishing new sites.

2) Transmission Purpose:-
The main aim of LOS survey is to check
whether the Line Of Sight (LOS) between two sites
is clear or not.
Equipments Required:

1) GPS
2) Long range binoculars
3) Camera
4) Compass
5) Laptop and the necessary software tools like MapInfo.
Site Selection Criteria:
Radio criteria for site Non-radio criteria for
selection: site selection:

 Good view in main beam  Space for equipment


direction  Availability of leased lines or
 No surrounding high microwave link
obstacles  Power supply
 Good visibility of terrain  Access restrictions
 Room for antenna mounting  House owner
 LOS to next microwave site  Rental costs
 Short cabling distances
Site Selection:
Bad Site Location Good Site Location

Hilltop locations for BS Sites off the hilltops are


sites should be avoided as preferable as:
they cause:  hills can be used to
 Uncontrolled interference separate cells
 Interleaved coverage  contiguous coverage area
 Awkward HO behaviors  only low antenna heights
 But good location for are needed if sites are
microwave links! slightly elevated above
valley bottom
Fresnel Zone Clearance:

 The “Fresnel zone” is a


rotation-symmetric ellipse
around the propagation
path. The centre points of
the ellipse thereby are the
antennas at both ends of the
link. The 1st Fresnel zone is
the (theoretical) ellipse,
which would cause a path
delay of λ/2 with respect to
the direct path.
RF Planning:
• Fill the detail of GSM in Excel sheet.
• Open MAPINFO Professional Tool with MIPT2G toolbar Import
the Site data and Neighbor data.
• Find the LAC (Location Area Code) , RAC (Routing Area Code)
by seeing adjacent sites with same BSC.
• Find the NSEI by creating the Legend of other NSEI.
• If the Site is in the small town or in less congested area then
we will not use hoping. In this case we will find only the BCCH,
TCH, BSIC.
• If the Site is in the large City or in congested area then We
will use hoping So we need to find the BCCH, MAL, HSN, BSIC.
RF Planning:
• Search the BCCH and TCH frequencies carefully using Map Info such that
we can have minimum Co-channel and Adjacent channel
interference.
• After finding all the required details fill them in the GSM detail sheet and
again open Map Info and import database.
• Now carefully select the adjacent sectors of the site as neighbors.
• This will define the adjacent sectors with which the planned site will be
taking Handovers.
• Now export site and sectors information from Map Info in notepad format
containing site, sector1, sector2, sector 3 and neighbor information.
RF Planning:
• Only after having all these 5 sheets we can run Macro to obtain
a final format of the site.
• From these macro sheet we can obtain any information about
BTS, TRX, Handover, Power control, MAL, AMR, Adjacent and
MSC level Parameters.
• Fill necessary details in the macro sheet.
• The site is ready and will be sent for implementation.
Drive Test:
Drive test is recording of Rx level in a particular area
using the software TEMS investigation. The readings obtained
from the drive test can be used to detect the coverage area of
a cell site and many other parameters of a base station. This is
also helpful in designing of new cell sites in areas with no
coverage.

 Drive Test Parameters


a) Current Channel
b) Radio parameters
c) Serving + Neighbors
Current Channel:
Radio Parameters:
Serving + Neighbor:
Radio Parameters:
 RxLev : Receiving level in terms of dBm that mobile is
receiving from the site. Range of -30 dBm to -110dBm.

 RxQual : Quality of voice which is measured on basis of BER.


Range of RxQual 0 to 7.

 FER : Frame Erasure Rate it represents the percentage of


frames being dropped due to high number of non-corrected
bit errors in the frame. It is indication of voice quality in
network.
 Hopping Channel : It shows that current sector is having
hopping feature or not. Values are Yes or No.
Radio Parameters:
 Hopping Frequencies : It displays no. of freq. on which
mobile is allowed to hop. viz. MA List for hopping of that sector.

 Mobile Allocation Index Offset (MAIO): It is the number


which tells from which freq. from given MA list for sector hopping
has to be started. E.g. 0 means sector will start from first freq. to
hop.

 Hopping Sequence Number (HSN) : Indicates sequence in


which frequencies are allowed to hop from the MA List. 0- 63. 0
for Cyclic Hopping, 1 – 63 random hopping sequences.
Radio Parameters:
 SQI : SQI is a more sophisticated measure which is dedicated to
reflecting the quality of the speech (as opposed to radio
environment conditions). This means that when optimizing the
speech quality in your network, SQI is the best criterion to use. SQI
is updated at 0.5 s intervals. It is computed on basis of BER and
FER. For EFR 30, FR – 21 & HR – 17 are respectively ideal values.
 BER Actual : Ratio of the number of bit errors to the total
number of bits transmitted in a given time interval. BER is a
measure for the voice quality in network.. Depending on BER
RxQual is measured. e.g., BER 0 to 0.2 % corresponds to RxQual
0. Max. BER countable and useful is up to 12.8 % which
corresponds to RxQual of max. 7.
Radio Parameters:

DTX : Discontinuous transmission (DTX) is a mechanism
allowing the radio transmitter to be switched off during speech
pauses. This feature reduces the power consumption of the
transmitter, which is important for MSs, and decreases the
overall interference level on the radio channels affecting the
capacity of the network.

 TA : Value that the base station calculates from access bursts


and sends to the mobile station (MS) enabling the MS to
advance the timing of its transmissions to the BS so as to
compensate for propagation delay. Value of 0 means MS in
radius of 550mt. From BS.
Suggestions by Drive Test:

 After DT a report is generated through TEMS and following


suggestions are given through it.

• Addition and deletion of neighbors.


• Sector and circular swap resolution
• Change in direction of GSM Antenna.
• Change in Antenna Type to optimize the network.
• Change in Antenna Tilt to focus coverage on a certain area.
• To suggest TMA to increase the coverage area.

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