Brain Computer Interface: Prepared by Shaival J. Parekh
Uploaded by
Sunil PillaiBrain Computer Interface: Prepared by Shaival J. Parekh
Uploaded by
Sunil PillaiBrain computer interface
Prepared By
Shaival J. Parekh
What is Brain Computer Interface?
Brain-computer-interface is technique
that how human brain communicate with the
computer.
So one communication between Brain
and computer is a Electroencephalography,
(Electric brain activity)(EEG)
Human Brain:
Human Brain can be divided into main 4
parts:
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
brain stem
hypothalamus and thalamus.
Cerebral cortex is responsible for many
“higher order” functions like
1) Problem solving, language
2) Comprehension
3) Complex visual information
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a
method used in measuring the electrical
activity of the brain.
Cerebral cortex is generate an electrical
signal
The electrical activity goes on
continuously in every living human’s brain. We
may sleep. one third of our life times, but the
brain never rests. Even when one is
unconscious the brain remains active.
Electroencephalography (EEG) has
several properties that are use in the Brain
Computer Interface
Properties of EEG
Rhythmic brain activity
Event-related potentials (ERPs)
Event-related desynchronization (ERD)
and event-related synchronization (ERS).
Rhythmic brain activity
It is Frequency measure in EEG,According to
fre. It divide into 4 part
Delta :
Frequency is <3.5 In adult only seen in deep sleep
Theth:
Frequency is 4 - 7.5 Hz. Theta rhythm plays an
important role in infancy and childhood. In
normal adults theta waves are seen mostly in
states of drowsiness and sleep.
Alpha:
Frequency 8-13 Hz occurring during
wakefulness Best seen with eyes closed and
under conditions of physical relaxation
Mu:
Frequency is around 10 Hz Mu stands for motor and
the mu rhythm is strongly related to the functions
of the motor cortex so It mostly used in BCI.
Event-related potentials (ERPs)
Event-related potentials is a common
title for the potential changes in the EEG
that occur in response to a particular
“event” or a stimulus
As we see the KARZ film when dun is
start we see the graph of mind is very up &
down
We see in the figure
when any stimulus is
occur we see vast
change in the graph
This(ERP) removes
the “random”
fluctuations of the
EEG, which are not
stimulus-locked.
Event-related desynchronization (ERD) &
Event-related synchronization (ERS).
1. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) is an
amplitude attenuation of a certain EEG rhythm
2. Event-related synchronization (ERS) is an
amplitude enhancement of a certain EEG
rhythm
Measuring the EEG signal
Electrode Configurations
The Montages
Impedance
Filters
Sensitivity
Artifacts
The Adaptive Brain Interface
(ABI)
Acquisition system:
Measuring the EEG signal and Learn the
electrode configurations activity
Feature extraction
The extracted features are power spectrum
density components in the frequency band of
8-30 Hz .
Feature classification :
The ABI is based on the mutual learning
process where the system and the user adapt to
each other . The system learns to classify each
user’s individual EEG patterns generated during
the mental tasks.This is made possible by neural
network classifier which learns these user-
specific patterns.
Bio Feedback:
The user may choose the mental tasks he
or she uses and the strategies to undertake those
mental tasks ( e.g., thinking of moving a finger,
the hand or the whole arm ). The learning
process can be enhanced with feedback.
Application
In figures are shown some of the
current applications of the ABI system.
The first one is a virtual keyboard
designed as an example of a communication
channel for disabled people. The keyboard
quite simple, a letter is selected by dividing
the keyboard to three segments with each
selection until only a selected letter remains.
One live use of BCI system we see Physicist
Stephen Hawking. He is working on the Brain
Computer Interface. So we can get new way
from him .
