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Phonetics 1

The document discusses English phonology and the sound system of American English. It defines key terms like phoneme, grapheme, and allophone. It also describes English consonants, vowels, phonetic transcription, and common phonological processes involving morphemes and sounds.

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vina erliana
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61 views14 pages

Phonetics 1

The document discusses English phonology and the sound system of American English. It defines key terms like phoneme, grapheme, and allophone. It also describes English consonants, vowels, phonetic transcription, and common phonological processes involving morphemes and sounds.

Uploaded by

vina erliana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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English Phonology

TheSoundSystemofAmericanEnglish
KeyTerms
Phonemeaunitofsoundsignificantina
specificlanguage(E.g.,/s/isaphonemein
EnglishwhiletheGermanchsound/x/isnot)
GraphemeThesymbols(letters)usedina
writingsystemsuchasouralphabet
DigraphAsinglesoundrepresentedbytwo
letters(e.g.,th,sh,ea)
PhoneticAlphabetacollectionofsymbolsused
forwritingwordsphonetically
MoreTerms
Allophoneavariantofaphoneme;oftennot
noticedbynativespeakers(e.g,spin,pin)
MinimalPairTwowordsthatarepronouncedthe
sameexceptforonesound(e.g.,Sue,zoo)
VoicedSoundAsoundproducedwiththevocal
folds(cords)vibrating(e.g.voiced/z/asopposed
tovoiceless/s/)
Diphthongadoublevowelsoundtwovowels
appearingtogetherasthenucleusofasyllable
TheVocal
Tract
TheVocalFolds(orCords)

Quic kTime and a


YUV420 c odec dec ompressor
are needed to see this pic ture.
TheConsonantsofEnglish
TheVowelsofEnglish
PhoneticTranscription
Horseshoes [horsuz]
Matches [mc\z]
Bookend [bknd]
Is [z]
Pain medicine [pen md\sn]
Thorns [ornz]
Breathe [bri]
AllomorphsBasedonPhonology
Thepluralmorpheme
[s]afteravoicelessconsonant
[z]afteravoicedconsonant
[\z]afterasibilant(s,z,sh[s],[z],ch[c],orj
[j])

Thepasttensemorpheme
[d]afteravoicedsound,
[t]afteravoicelesssound
[\d]aftera[t]or[d]
AllomorphsBasedonPhonology
Thenegativeprefix/in/n
[m]beforealabial(e.g.,impossible,immovable,
imbalance)
[]beforeavelar(e.g.,incorrect,ingratitude)
[r]before/r/(e.g.,irreversible)
[l]before/l/(e.g.,illogical)
Otherexamplesofassimilation
Conduct,compel,colleague,corrode
Synergy,symmetry,syllogism
Admit,abbreviate,account,annul,appeal,arrive,assign,
attend,alleviate
Submit,succeed,sufficient,suggest,support,surreptitious
VowelDeletion
Deletethelastvowelofamorphemeifthe
followingmorphemebeginswithavowel
Antiagainst,opposite Anti+pathy Ant+agonize
Apoaway,from,off Apo+logy Ap+androus
Cataback,down,away Cata+log Cat+egory
Diathrough,between Dia+meter Di+uretic
Metabeyond,after Meta+morphic Met+onymy

Workswithsomerootsandsuffixes:
autoself auto+graph aut+ism
misohate miso+gyny mis+anthrope
ateadjectivesuffix cre+ate cre+at+ion

Notifprefixisonlyonesyllable:re+act;bi+ennial
E/ODeletion
Deletetheeoroofamorphemeendinginerororofa
morphemeifthefollowingmorphemebeginswithavowel

Matermother Mater+nal Matr+ilineal


Member Dis+member Membr+ane
Meter Dia+meter Metr+ic
Act Act+or Actr+ess
Enter Entr+ance
SDeletion
Deleteansaftertheprefixex
Spir In+spire Ex+pire
Ser In+sert Ex+ert
Secu Con+secu+tive Ex+ecutive
Sist Re+sist Ex+ist

NDeletion
Deletethenoftheprefixanbeforeaconsonant:

Examples:a+theist,a+pathy,a+symmetry,a+trophy
Butnot:an+emic,an+archy,an+orexic,an+
hydrous
VowelAlternations

/a/changesto/e/inotherthanfirstsyllable
E.,g,annual/biennial;apt/inept;
damnation/condemn
/e/changesto/i/inotherthanfirstsyllable
E.g.,regular;incorrigible;spec
ulate/conspicuous

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